Integrated Analysis of U.S.–Iran Relations, Hegemonic Shifts and Middle Eastern Dynamics: A Review
Abitn Safavipour, MA in German Studies at the University of Tehran, Faculty of World Studies, Tehran, Iran.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16729279 | Page 01 to 07
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The fifteen sources reviewed in this project collectively examine U.S. foreign and domestic policy, Iran’s international posture, and broader Middle Eastern dynamics. Although they range from case studies on energy security and think tank politics to literature reviews on regional discord, a set of interconnected themes emerges. This integrated analysis draws connections across the sources, showing how declining U.S. hegemony, domestic political forces and regional realignments influence each other. Rather than summarizing each study in isolation, the narrative traces how the topics intersect and reinforce broader geopolitical trends.
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Beowulf and the Failure of Legacy: The Poem as a Critique of Heroic Culture
Rubayed Islam Ramim, BA (Hons) in English Department of English University of Information Technology & Sciences (UITS).
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16900071 | Page 01 to 38
Abstract
This thesis explores Beowulf as a literary critique of the heroic code, challenging the traditional view that heroism guarantees lasting societal stability. While the poem highlights Beowulf’s bravery and accomplishments, it also reflects on the fragility of individual legacy and the transience of glory. Through an analysis of Beowulf’s pursuit of fame and the roles of supporting characters like Hrothgar, Wiglaf, and the dragon, the study reveals how heroism, though admired, ultimately fails to protect society from collapse. Symbolic elements such as burial mounds, treasure, and death imagery underscore this critique. Drawing on both the original text and scholarly interpretations, the thesis argues that Beowulf serves as both a celebration of heroism and a somber reflection on its limitations.
Keywords: Beowulf, heroic code, legacy, mortality, Anglo-Saxon culture, symbolic imagery, cultural critique.
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Capacity Enhancement Strategies and Organizational Productivity in Nigeria’s Civil Service. An Assessment of Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Education.
Ndifreke S. Umo-udo, Department of Political Science University of Uyo.
Prof. Justina Ime Rufus Udotong, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological sciences. University of Uyo.
Ebong, Itoro Bassey, Department of Public Administration University of Uyo.
Udoudo, Idiongo Patrick, Department of Public Administration University of Uyo.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16729345 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
Capacity enhancement plays a vital role in human resource management by aligning employee performance with organizational objectives and driving overall productivity. In Akwa Ibom State, the Ministry of Education depends on strategic capacity-building initiatives to improve educational outcomes. Despite numerous government-led training programs, their effectiveness has been hampered by persistent challenges, including inadequate funding, irrelevant training content, limited access to resources, political interference, and the absence of performance evaluation mechanisms. Additional issues such as high staff turnover, a lack of institutional support, and poor retention of trained personnel further compromise the sustainability of capacity development efforts. This study, grounded in Gary Becker’s Human Capital Theory (1964), adopted a descriptive and documentary research design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the relationship between capacity enhancement and organizational productivity in the Ministry. Data were collected from primary sources through key informant interviews with ten senior personnel across departments, and from secondary sources including scholarly publications, government reports, and online materials. Data analysis involved thematic content analysis for qualitative insights and descriptive techniques for interpreting interview responses. Findings revealed that while capacity enhancement is recognized as a strategic necessity, its implementation remains inconsistent and under-resourced. Based on these insights, the study recommends the establishment of a legally backed training fund with dedicated annual budgetary allocations, the creation of a modern training institute for education personnel, and the institutionalization of inclusive and structured staff development policies. These measures are essential for bridging competence gaps, promoting equitable access to training, and improving productivity within the Ministry of Education.
Keywords: Capacity enhancement, Human Capital Theory, organizational productivity, Ministry of Education, staff development, training fund, human resource management, educational outcomes.
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MAINSTREAMING HUMAN RIGHT IN MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
Vivian Chukwudumebi Madu Ph. D, ASSOCIATE RESEARCH PROFESSOR NIGERIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES on Sabbatical Leave at the NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16730666 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
The principle of fair hearing is fundamental to national development, playing an indispensable role in the administration of justice. Despite its importance, its application is often beset by significant challenges and inconsistencies that compromise the possibility of a fair trial. Nigeria’s military justice system contends with numerous issues, notably procedural irregularities and delays. Factors such as inefficient case management and prolonged pre-trial detentions contribute to these delays , which not only extend the legal ordeal for defendants but also risk compromising the integrity of the trial process itself. This situation fosters an unequal legal environment that inherently undermines the fairness of military trials. As the right to legal representation is a foundational element of a fair hearing, its absence can lead to profound injustice. This study aims to integrate human rights principles into the military justice system of Nigeria. The research finds that while the Nigerian constitution provides for the enforcement of fundamental human rights—including the right to a fair hearing, the right of an accused to remain silent, and the right to a timely trial—these mandates are not consistently upheld within the military justice framework. The study concludes that the Constitution guarantees a fair hearing and equitable treatment for any accused individual. Consequently, it is incumbent upon military commanders and courts-martial to ensure fairness is maintained at every stage, from arrest and pre-trial detention to arraignment and sentencing.
Keywords: Military Jurisprudence, Procedural Justice, Constitutional Guarantees, Nigerian Armed Forces Law, Court-Martial Integrity.
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Christian politicians and good governance in Nigeria.
Nanlir Kartim Napbut Ph. D, Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary Abeokuta.
Tolutope Oluwawole, Ph. D, Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary Abeokuta.
Rose Bulus Boyi (Ph. D, -in- view), LAWNA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY JOS.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16730703 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between Christian politicians and good governance in Nigeria. Despite the significant number of Christians in Nigerian politics, the country still struggles with corruption, inequality, and ineptitude in governance. This paper aims at investigating the role of Christian values and principles in shaping government practices and influence of Christian politicians in Nigeria.This paper employs a mixed research approach including interviews and focus group discussions with Christian politicians, religious leaders, and civil society organizations.This research is grounded in the theoretical framework of Christian Ethics and Political Theology of Reinhold Niebuhr and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. The findings show that though Christians have been participating in politics and occupied leadership positions, alot is still required from them. In conclusion, Christian politicians in Nigeria have crucial roles to play in promoting good governance and ensuring that the country’s leadership reflects Christian values and principles. By applying biblical teachings to their governance practices, they can help create a more just, equitable, and peaceful society.It is therefore recommended that Christian politicians in Nigeria show that they are light,salt and promote good governance by maintaining and demonstrating: integrity and accountability :Demonstrate transparency, honesty, and accountability in all governance practices,Christian Values-Based Policy : Formulate and implement policies reflecting Christian values like love, justice, and compassion, Inclusive Leadership : Foster inclusive decision-making processes, engaging diverse stakeholders and perspectives, Mentorship and Training : Develop mentorship programs, training, and capacity-building initiatives for Christian politicians and public servants , interfaith dialogue : encourage interfaith dialogue and collaboration to promote peaceful coexistence and national unity, Citizen engagement, foster active citizen participation in governance through education, awareness, and empowerment ,Prayer and Reflection: regularly seek divine guidance through prayer and reflection, ensuring governance decisions align with Christian values, collaboration and Partnerships :build partnerships with civil society, religious organizations, and international bodies to enhance governance and development,constitutional reform: advocate for constitutional reforms promoting Christian values, human rights, and good governance, and accountability mechanisms :establish robust accountability mechanisms, including independent anti-corruption agencies and judicial systems.
Keywords: Christian Ethics, Christian politicians, Good governance, Nigeria, political theology
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Christian Theological Education for National Development in Nigeria
Nanlir Kartim Napbut Ph. D, Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary Abeokuta.
Tolutope Oluwawole, Ph. D, Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary Abeokuta.
Rose Bulus Boyi (Ph. D, -in- view), LAWNA THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY JOS.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16730730 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
Christian Theological Education (CTE) plays a vital role in national development, particularly in Nigeria, where the Christian faith is deeply ingrained in the culture. This study examines the contribution of CTE to national development in Nigeria, focusing on its impact on leadership development, moral values, and community transformation.
A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A survey of 500 Christian leaders and theologians was conducted, and in-depth interviews were held with 20 key informants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.
The findings reveal that CTE has made significant contributions to national development in Nigeria, particularly in the areas of leadership development, moral values, and community transformation. The study highlights the importance of CTE in shaping leaders who are equipped to address the complex challenges facing Nigeria. It also underscores the need for CTE institutions to focus on practical theology, community engagement, and leadership development.
The study recommends that CTE institutions in Nigeria should prioritize leadership development, community engagement, and practical theology. It also calls on the government and other stakeholders to support CTE institutions in their efforts to contribute to national development.
Keywords: Christian Theological Education, Community Transformation, Leadership Development, Moral Values National Development
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The impact of psychology on adult learning
Khalil Alsaadat, Department of Educational Policies, College of Education King Saud University
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16736422 | Page 01 to 07
Abstract
Developing effective educational practices for adults hinges on a deep understanding of the psychological principles that govern their learning processes. The motivational drivers, learning requirements, and obstacles faced by adults returning to education are substantially different from those of younger learners. When educators integrate established psychological frameworks into their instructional design, they can create learning experiences that are more meaningful, captivating, and ultimately, more effective. This paper explores the profound influence of psychology on adult education, detailing how various psychological theories can be leveraged to enhance the pedagogical process for this demographic.
Keywords: Adult Pedagogy, Andragogy, Cognitive Psychology, Lifelong Learning, Educational Neuroscience, Learner Motivation, Instructional Design
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SOME THEORETICAL PROBLEMS IN THE DESCRIPTION OF RUSSIAN SEMANTICS
Dr. Ousseynou TALL Associate Professor, Vice-Dean of the faculty of Arts and Social Studies Former Chief of the department of Slavic languages Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Senegal.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16760789 | Page 01 to 13
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of a few theoretical problems in russian semantics. After reminding shortly of the origin and etymology of the concept of “semantics”, we tried to sort out its linguistic definition with a historical overview. Since our paper deals with russian linguistics, we have decided to quote a few Russian scholars with rich investigations in that field such as I.A. Sternin Z.G. Popova, Y.D. Apresyan, R.S. Ginzurg, V.G. Gak, E.V. Kuznetsova etc. The issues posed by the study of russian linguistics is still up to date. Problems such as the evolution of semantics in the 20th century, the scale of semantic derivations or the problem of semantic calques among other have been raised and discussed widely.
Keywords: semantics, russian language, semantic problems, linguists, scientists, meaning of words, origin.
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Beyond Grammar, the Pragmatics of Questions in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Wisdom Ezenwoali, Ph. D, Department of Languages (English and Literary Studies) University of Delta, Agbor, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16750127 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
The pragmatic functions of questions in second and/or foreign language (SL/FL) instruction are often overlooked even though they are an integral part of classroom discourse. Aside eliciting information, questions serve important interactional and relational roles. This paper explores the socio-pragmatic dimensions of question types, drawing on insights from second language acquisition, intercultural pragmatics, and classroom discourse studies. It critiques existing FL/SL textbooks and syllabuses for their limited focus on pragmatic competence and advocates pedagogical strategies that combine explicit instruction, awareness-raising tasks, and CEFR-aligned (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) descriptors. Taking samples from 30 naturally collected classroom questions, the article proposes pragmatics-informed evaluation practices that emphasise communicative appropriateness over structural accuracy in language teaching.
Keywords: language teaching, pragmatic competence, classroom discourse, question types, pragmatics.
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RECONFIGURATIONS IDENTITAIRES ET PRATIQUES LITTERAIRES DANS LA LITTERATURE ANTILLAISE CONTEMPORAINE : ETAT DES LIEUX CRITIQUE
Pascal Iheanacho Ohanma, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16750151 | Page 01 to 13
Abstract
This article offers a critical overview of major authors in contemporary French-speaking Caribbean literature: Edouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau, Maryse Condé, Raphaël Confiant, Dany Laferrière, and Salvat Etchart. By drawing on postcolonial criticism, theories of orality, créolité, and traumatic memory, the article highlights the aesthetic and ideological specificities of each author. Glissant develops a poetics of Relation rooted in opacity and creolization; Chamoiseau connects orality and hybridity to offer a popular rereading of history; Condé explores colonial memory and female subjectivities through a critical polyphony; Confiant celebrates linguistic and communal creoleness; Laferrière adopts a nomadic and satirical stance, while Etchart proposes a sociological and poetic reading of post-slavery pathologies. This panorama sheds light on the intersecting dynamics of identity, language, memory, and literary resistance within the French-speaking Caribbean space.
Keywords: Creolization, Postcolonial criticism, Orality, Traumatic memory, Literary.
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From Tool to Routine: The Normalization of ChatGPT in Vietnamese Undergraduates' Writing Practices
Nguyen Le Tuong Phuong, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16754237 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
The study aims to examine how Vietnamese university students use ChatGPT in their writing practices, with a focus on patterns of use, normalizing process and awareness of ethical concerns. Employing a quantitative approach, 205 undergraduates majoring in English studies at Nguyen Tat Thanh University (NTTU) participated in an online survey, consisting of 15 Likert-scale items. The findings indicate that a significant number of the students use ChatGPT for their writing activities, particularly in varied stages such as brainstorming, planning essay structures and revising drafts. Also, it has been found that the participants perceive ChatGPT as a useful tool for enhancing their writing skills and everyday writing practices. Nonetheless, a large proportion of students are well aware of ChatGPT’s drawbacks and express ethical concerns about potential plagiarism and over-reliance. These results underscore a need for providing students with proper guidance on how to use AI and other technologies responsibly in educational contexts.
Keywords: ChatGPT, Academic writing, Vietnamese undergraduates, AI normalization, Ethical awareness
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APPRAISING THE PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES OF MODERN AGE INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS, IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, ITS REGISTRATION AND COMMERCIALISATION PROCEDURES IN NIGERIA
Noel N. Udeoji, Lecturer I, Department of Public Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Rosemary O. Udeoji, Azikiwe University, Awka.
Queen G. Ezekiel, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16758139 | Page 01 to 22
Abstract
Industrial designs play a vital role in shaping consumer products and experiences. In this modern age, industrial design has transcended mere decorations, evolving into a strategic tool for innovation, competitive differentiation, and sustainable development. This paper critically appraises modern industrial design in Nigeria, examining its prospects and challenges. It details the registration process under the Patents and Designs Act 1970, highlighting legal requirements and current inefficiencies. The paper then explores crucial post-registration steps, including diverse commercialisation strategies like licensing and direct sales. Finally, it analyses the transformative impact of digital technology, from (computer aided designs) CAD and 3D printing to AI and e-commerce—on enhancing design, production, and market access, concluding with recommendations to overcome obstacles and unlock the sector’s full potential.
Keywords: Industrial Designs, Digital Technology, Registration, Commercialisation, Procedures, Nigeria
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Enhancing Student Engagement Through MOODLE in Blended Learning: Evidence from Higher Education Institutions in Sierra Leone
Munda JS Lebbie, University of Sierra Leone.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16779099 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
This study explores the role of MOODLE, an open-source learning management system, in enhancing student engagement within blended learning environments in Sierra Leone’s higher education institutions. Drawing on data from the University of Sierra Leone (IPAM), the University of Lunsar, and Milton Margai Technical University (MMTU), the research employs a mixed-methods approach combining surveys and in-depth interviews. Quantitative findings indicate high usage of MOODLE for accessing materials and assessments, but limited engagement with interactive features such as forums. Qualitative insights highlight how institutional context shapes digital engagement: IPAM students benefited from greater flexibility and inclusivity, while students at the University of Lunsar faced infrastructural and pedagogical barriers. Thematic analysis identifies key dimensions of engagement including self-paced learning, empowerment of shy students, and challenges linked to connectivity, content design, and instructor presence. The study concludes that while MOODLE has the potential to support active learning, its effectiveness depends on pedagogical integration, institutional capacity, and digital infrastructure. Recommendations include targeted training for staff, improved connectivity, and localized instructional design to promote deeper, more equitable student engagement.
Keywords: MOODLE, blended learning, student engagement, higher education, Sierra Leone, digital pedagogy
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Miscarriage and Legal Injustice: A Survey-Based Proposal for Reforming Reproductive Laws in Bangladesh
Rehnuma Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Department of Law, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16787618 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
This study will discuss reproductive right and the law in Bangladesh particularly how miscarriages are canonized under the existing law. With very high pregnancy loss rates and poor access to reproductive health services, miscarriages are commonly punished or disgraced in the laws of Bangladesh, which are dated colonial regulations as well as formed by societal-cultural prejudices. Based on the survey conducted among women, healthcare, and legal practitioners throughout Bangladesh, the research establishes that there is a lot of confusion, fear, and mistrusts when it comes to determining the legal implications of losing a fetus through a miscarriage. The results describe structural weaknesses in the legal immunity, insufficient medical standards, and ignorance on the part of citizens, as well as the authorities. On these reflections, the discussion of the paper introduces a set of suggestions of legal and policy changes to decriminalize the loss of a pregnancy, increase access to reproductive health services, and harmonize the local laws with international human rights law.
Keywords: Miscarriage, Reproductive rights, Legal injustice, Criminalization, Law reform.
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Research on Design Creativity Generation and Practice Paths Enabled by AI
Lei Wen, College of Creative Design, Guilin Institute of Information Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China, 541004.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16813975 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligence has profoundly impacted the thinking paradigms and practical ecosystems of design creativity. By leveraging intelligent technologies to empower design creativity generation, we not only expand the boundaries of traditional design methods but also enrich the pathways for creative practice. In the face of the opportunities and challenges brought by the integration of AI and design, it is imperative to establish a human-machine collaboration mechanism that harmoniously integrates technological rationality with humanistic aesthetics. This approach aims to effectively avoid the homogenisation of intelligent design while highlighting the unique creative value of individual designers. Based on this understanding, this paper constructs an intelligent-assisted design creativity generation model, emphasising a human-centred collaborative logic that deeply integrates designers’ experiential wisdom with AI’s data analysis capabilities. This model forms an innovative practice mode that is both aesthetically meaningful and culturally sensitive, aiming to provide theoretical insights and practical references for the sustainable development of design creativity in the AI era.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, design creativity, design aesthetics, intelligent design assistance.
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RETHINKING GLOBAL POWER: HOW THE GLOBAL SOUTH IS REDEFINING THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER
Nwaneri Justin Chukwuma Ph. D, History and International Studies, Gregory University Uturu.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16888615 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
The global balance of power is undergoing a profound shift, with the Global South increasingly asserting its agency in redefining the international order. Historically marginalized by Western-dominated institutions, many states in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East now challenge entrenched global hierarchies. This study investigates how the Global South repositions itself through economic initiatives, diplomatic coalitions, and normative leadership. The objective is to understand the mechanisms by which these states influence global governance structures, and the implications for a more equitable world order. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, drawing from case studies, documentary analysis, and scholarly literature. It is anchored in post-colonial theory, dependency theory, global governance, and regional integration theory, which together provide a robust lens for understanding the evolving nature of power, sovereignty, and legitimacy in international relations. Significantly, the research highlights emerging trends such as climate diplomacy led by vulnerable nations, financial alternatives like the BRICS bank, digital sovereignty movements, and regional security arrangements exemplified by ECOWAS interventions. These developments underscore the Global South’s growing role as a co-architect of global norms and institutions. The study concludes that the Global South is not merely reacting to global inequities but actively shaping alternative structures of influence. It recommends reforms in multilateral institutions, support for South–South cooperation, and inclusive participation in global governance. By amplifying the voices of historically underrepresented regions, this research contributes to a more balanced and pluralistic international system.
Keywords: Global South, International Order, Redefining/Redistribution of Power.
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN REGISTRATION IN NIGERIAN SETTING
Noel N. Udeoji, WIPO/Harvard Law School Intellectual Property Law Certified, BL., FICMC, MCArb, DRS Lecturer I, Department of Public Law, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
Rosemary O. Udeoji, LLM, BA, BL, ACArb, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
KO Ozioko, (LLM-in-view), BL, LLB, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16888825 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
It is never in doubt that the objective of any law governing industrial design in any jurisdiction including Nigeria is to ensure the protection of the design and its owner’s interest (first to file or first to claim foreign priority) provided that the said design is new or essentially better in some ways than what was created before. Unfortunately, not every design is registrable, hence the relevant age long question, when will an industrial design be deemed registrable? Again, when goods are similar, designs become an important distinguishing factor to separate any probable confusion, though the design meant here is not the end product itself but the model or pattern or even shape used to produce the final goods. This doctrinal research methodological nature of work seeks to make an overview of the prospects and challenges bedeviling industrial design registration in Nigeria perspective. Identified issues that its solution will settle long list of these problems are as listed out, statutory problems, enforcement problems, societal problems, inefficient system of registering industrial designs, inefficiency of governmental agencies themselves, inadequate infrastructural facilities, and lack of proper records of registered industrial designs. Conclusively, an industrial design is without doubt the language of any product as well as its identity. Owners of rights should be encouraged to commercialize their innovation; therefore, its registration procedure should be in line with global standard. It is recommended that the subsisting Patent and Designs Act of 1970 needs to be re-enacted, with specifically highlighted notable provisions at the body of the work, to give it the needed flair to flow with the modern trend.
Keywords: Overview, Prospects, Challenges, Industrial Designs, Registration, Nigeria.
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The Difficulties faced by 9th graders with the Readable text understanding of English at UNRWA schools
Dr. Sonia Abdulfattah Ibrahim Shehadeh, Department of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Palestine Technical University Kadoorie, Ramallah Branch – Palestine.
Dina Wail Awad, Alfawar secondary school – Bethlehem – Palestine.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16900283 | Page 01 to 38
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the Difficulties Faced by 9th Graders in Understanding the English Readable Text at UNRWA Schools. The study was carried out in the academic year (2023-2024) during the second semester, using the descriptive approach. The population of the study consisted of all Teachers of English of UNRWA schools. The sample consisted of (60) Teachers. The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool for this study.
The results showed that Teachers’ of English View for difficulties faced by 9th Graders in understanding English readable text was High, with a mean of (3.67) over/out of (5). The result also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the English teacher point of view due to gender, Geographical area, and qualifications. However, there were statistically significant differences due to years of experience in favor of less than Five years.
In light of the results of the study, the researchers recommended to encourage students to read in English to increase their linguistic wealth, develop strengthening programs targeted to students with low performance in understanding English-language texts and provide continuous courses for teachers to enrich their strategies for teaching.
Keywords: 9th graders, Readable text understanding, UNRWA, Teachers of English.
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Exploring the Role of Motivation in English Language Learning among EFL Students at Dong An Polytechnic
Nguyen Dinh Thanh Bao, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Dong An Polytechnic, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16908658| Page 01 to 12
Abstract
This mixed-methods study looks at how intrinsic, extrinsic, and self-regulated motivation affect speaking performance in EFL students at Dong An Polytechnic as they learn the language. A questionnaire comprising modified subscales from Gardner’s Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) and the validated Vietnamese Version of the Self-Regulated Motivation for Improving Speaking English as a Foreign Language (VV-SRMIS-EFL) was used to gather data from 120 non-English major students. A rubric aligned with the CEFR was used to evaluate speaking proficiency. Additionally, 15 participants who were purposefully chosen for the study participated in semi-structured interviews that yielded qualitative information about the motivational strategies and orientations of the learners. The most common motivator, according to the findings, was instrumental motivation, which was based on practical objectives like career and academic success. However, integrative interests and intrinsic enjoyment also made significant contributions to engagement. Speaking performance was most strongly correlated with self-regulated motivation (r =.52), followed by instrumental motivation (r =.42) and integrative motivation (r =.31). The significance of affect regulation, task value activation, and peer support in maintaining speaking effort and confidence was highlighted by the qualitative results. The study comes to the conclusion that improving speaking proficiency in EFL contexts requires developing self-regulatory capacity in addition to providing pertinent instrumental and integrative opportunities. Future research directions and pedagogical implications are discussed.
Keywords: motivation, English language learning, intrinsic, extrinsic, and self-regulated motivational factor, English speaking performance, EFL students
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ARTIFICIAL WOMB TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA: RETHINKING SURROGACY, PARENTHOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN 21st CENTURY.
WODO, Chika Ph. D, Faculty of law, Rivers State University.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16930687 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Artificial womb technology represents one of the most revolutionary frontiers in reproductive medicine, with the potential to redefine gestation, parenthood, and reproductive rights as traditionally understood. As biomedical research advances toward the possibility of sustaining fetal development entirely outside the human body, legal and ethical questions emerge, particularly in jurisdictions like Nigeria where assisted reproductive technologies (ART) remain underregulated. This article explores the multifaceted implications of Artificial Womb Technology within the Nigerian legal landscape, examining how this disruptive innovation challenges conventional assumptions about motherhood, the legal status of the fetus, surrogacy, and child rights. The analysis reveals that current Nigerian laws rooted in traditional, gestational understandings of reproduction are ill-equipped to address the unique challenges posed by artificial gestation.
The article further examines the potential of Artificial Womb Technology to serve as an alternative to commercial surrogacy, a practice that remains controversial and largely unregulated in Nigeria. It evaluates the risks and opportunities of integrating artificial wombs into the Nigerian healthcare and legal system, including ethical concerns about commodification, reproductive justice, and social equity. Comparative insights are drawn from the United Kingdom, India, and South Africa, providing models of anticipatory governance and rights-based regulation. Based on these findings, the article proposes a comprehensive legal framework tailored to the Nigerian context one that redefines legal parenthood, ensures the rights of children born through Artificial Womb Technology, and establishes regulatory oversight. The article concludes that Nigeria has a rare opportunity to shape reproductive law in a way that anticipates scientific innovation while safeguarding human dignity, equality, and justice.
Keywords: Artificial Womb Technology, Reproductive Right, surrogacy and parenthood.
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
POLITICAL PARTIES AND LEADERSHIP RECRUITMENT IN NIGERIA SINCE 1999
Prof Uji, Wilfred Terlumun, Department of History and International Studies Federal University of Lafia Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16930980 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Since 1999, Nigeria has practiced a multiparty system under a presidential system of government. Multiparty democracy takes its roots from western liberal democracy which believes in the idea that several parties are needed in order to broaden both political participation as well as leadership recruitment. Under this framework, that of liberal democracy, leadership recruitment is often classed based, elitist and often isolated from the ordinary people or masses. This background underpins the nature of the character of leadership recruitment in Nigeria in the sense that Nigeria as a nation state is a neo-colonial creation and so also the political class that provides leadership at all strata of society.
In Nigeria, since 1999 there has been major political parties at the national level as well as some minor political parties that controls power at the state and local government levels. The major political parties in Nigeria includes: The All Progressive Congress, People’s Democratic Party, New Nigeria Party, Labour Party and African Democratic Party. These political parties have control of political offices at both national and state levels. The minor political parties include: The All Progressive Grand Alliance, Social Democratic Party and the People’s Redemption Party that have won electoral seats at state and local government levels.
This paper intends to look at political parties and leadership recruitment in Nigeria since 1999 looking at the impact and its contribution to the development of Nigeria in the last 25 years. The paper explores the nature and character of political party formations in Nigeria, the process of leadership recruitment, the challenges and pitfalls of such a leadership recruitment and its overall impact on good governance and development in Nigeria in the last 25 years.
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX PENALTIES IN COMBATING TAX OFFENCES IN NIGERIA
Dr. Abdullahi Mohammed Kontagora, LLB (Hons) BL, LLM, PhD, Department of private and property law Faculty of law, University of Abuja.
Mrs. Yvonne Ugonma Dozie, Faculty of Law, University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16958372 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Taxation is a critical engine for socio-economic growth and development, serving as a primary revenue source for governments worldwide. However, tax offences, including evasion, avoidance, and non-compliance, significantly frustrate revenue generation efforts. This article examines the effectiveness of tax penalties as a mechanism for combating tax offences and improving tax compliance within the Nigerian tax system. It provides a detailed analysis of the legal framework, outlining both criminal sanctions (fines and imprisonment) and civil sanctions (distraint of goods, sealing of premises, and imposed interests) as provided for in key statutes like the Personal Income Tax Act (PITA), Companies Income Tax Act (CITA), and the Federal Inland Revenue Service (Establishment) Act (FIRSEA). The study argues that while a structured penalty regime exists, its deterrent effect is undermined by significant challenges. These include the technical nature of tax laws leading to procedural failures in court, difficulties in tracking a highly mobile populace and informal sector, inadequate prosecution of defaulters, low levels of tax awareness, and the pervasive issue of multiple taxation. The article concludes that the current penalties are underutilized and, in some cases, archaic. To enhance effectiveness, a multiple approach combination is recommended, encompassing stricter enforcement and prosecution, increased taxpayer education, harmonization of taxes to eliminate duplication, and a revision of penalty structures to reflect modern economic realities, thereby fostering voluntary compliance and boosting national revenue.
Keywords: Tax Penalties, Tax Compliance, Revenue Generation, Nigerian Tax System, Criminal Sanctions, Tax Awareness, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS)
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Comparing the Themes of Aminata Sow Fall’s The Beggars’ Strike with the Realities of Street-Begging in Nigeria
Akanbi Rasheedat Kehinde Ph. D, Department of English University of Abuja, Abuja.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16944057 | Page 01 to 13
Abstract
This study explores the thematic parallels between Aminata Sow Fall’s “The Beggars’ Strike” and the lived realities of street begging in contemporary Nigeria. This is with the use of postcolonial theoretical framework. Begging, as both a socio-economic condition and a religious symbol, reflects deeper systemic inequalities rooted in colonial legacies, institutional decay, and social marginalisation. The research critically analyses the novel’s portrayal of beggars as essential yet socially ostracised individuals. Hence, highlighting how their exclusion reveals contradictions in postcolonial moral, political, and religious systems. In parallel, the study reviews scholarly literature on the causes and persistence of begging in Nigeria, focusing on poverty, inadequate education, religious norms, and policy failures. Using textual analysis, the study identifies how Sow Fall’s narrative critiques elite hypocrisy and the commodification of suffering, which aligns strongly with Nigeria’s own socio-political context. Through the lens of postcolonialism, the paper interrogates power dynamics, systemic neglect, and the constructed “otherness” of beggars. This comparative analysis reveals how literature not only mirrors societal issues but also challenges dominant narratives that perpetuate social exclusion. The study recommends a multi-dimensional approach to tackling begging in Nigeria.
Keywords: Street -Begging, Nigeria, religion, socio-economic and policy- failure.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Navigating Digital Frontiers and Geopolitical Currents: A Descriptive Analytical Review of U.S.–Iran Relations and Middle Eastern Dynamics
Yuliia Kruta, 3rd Year BA International Relations, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, UAM Poznan, Poland.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16959453 | Page 01 to 13
Abstract
The contemporary geopolitical landscape of the Middle East is characterized by profound turbulence and a rapid acceleration in technological advancements. The world is entering a volatile phase: U.S. power is eroding, polarization at home is growing, and rivals are pressing their advantage. In the Middle East, Iran and its neighbors blend old drivers of politics—oil, alliances, ideology—with new tools like cyber operations, digital networks, and globalized economic ties.
This article offers a consolidated review of scholarly and policy-oriented literature on U.S.-Iran relations, the influence of Washington-based think tanks in shaping foreign policy agendas, the challenges of energy security, the political economy of the Gulf and North Africa, and the elevation of cybersecurity as a core domain of strategic rivalry. The aim is to show the key factors that shape political decisions, change power relations, and influence regional security.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
