An Innovation Searching for Analyzing the Asian Nations GDP Status by Sustainability
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19062671 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
The GDP (gross domestic product) will take a role in positive activities so as to enhance the economy target in last year and in this year the increasement step may be defined to attain in perspective. Thereby the concluding last year ones and making a strategic plan for next year will relate all of our aspects like life̖ consumption & production, education, environmental sustainability, ensuring balanced growth across sectors. By aligning individual and institutional efforts with national development priorities, we foster inclusive progress that benefits all stakeholders. This integrated approach gains renewed urgency in new year perspective and strategic plan by the relevant governmental constitution and institutions. Specially as 2026 unfolds with heightened focus on new challenge for us is to continue to endeavour sustainably on various high level fields like Artificial Intelligence̖ bio-medical pharmacy̖ new function materials etc. many lines. That may take an important role in increasing our GDP value for this year. Thereby, we need to continue to search those cutting-edge-fields through our experts and scientists because those aspects may be proceeded sustainably special in low-contamination non fossil fuel like wind energy̖ photovoltaic energy̖ hydraulic one̖ nuclear reacting-pile one. So we need a lot of engineers & scholars etc. participating cooperatively and satisfy the producing̖ learning̖ searching & usefulness series of industrial procedures to invest and push into market meeting consumers demands. There will be still big resilient space to wield our imagination and research capacity to publish the relevant achievement in famous journals so as to arouse the basis &application aspects research together for alleviating the cause matters. We should continue to search and develop the low-carbon energy base status and application to futural huge requirement electricity for example the chargeable battery technique etc. reserved energy stations which increases from several years gradually meeting the electrical vehicle̖ hybrid vehicle even small motorcycles.
Keywords: innovation; Asian nations GDP Status; analyzing; searching
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
An Innovation Searching for Analyzing the Chinese Part Central Provinces GDP & the Israel & Top Chinese Cities GDP Status Sustainably
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19061343 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
The high-tech product is able to increase the GDP ratio gradually according to developing situation presently. It is to believe that the ratio will raise a certain one in near future because it has high-knowledge & high-science factor within knowing it to producing it from the transfer of laboratory to factory. So that the new product enables to exhibit in its market after it was made in a factory continuously through using our scientist and engineers behaviour positively. We must encourage the high-tech proceeding engineers etc. who will transform the idea stimulus into the searching behaviour in lab with other researchers through acquiring a certain project from the funding so as to erect the experience and knowledge after several years that makes the sample into product entering current market to complete the receiving the order and transiting the cuisine to customers. That will be said that automatic changing to artificial intelligence one in order to promote the time and efficiency at all through the huge change said “let it do” changed to “it can do”. we should continuously enhance its function and upgrade it & make its stability that means it can undergo a long time to serve as a like humanoid robot that may sometimes exhibit in our canteen as an automatic and artificial intelligence one to save some money while promoting its quality and efficiency concept. Thereby, the GDP increasement will coordinate the infrastructure and industrial innovation, and the latter includes high-technique product making ones. We may continually improve our capacity to make a new high-level product for the sake of promoting our industrial development with a certain value each year. The other one will be foreign trade exportation that may help us earn the foreign money to use in later urgent time. So the industry, learning, research & usefulness etc. procedures will be boosting that combines into university, institution, factory & office four aspects cooperative spirits and culture for the sake of building a good future.
Keywords: innovation; the Chinese Part Central Provinces GDP; the Israel &Top Chinese Cities GDP; analyzing; searching
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
An Innovation Searching for Analyzing the China & European Nations GDP & the World Cities GDP Changes through Sustainability
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19055250 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
The high-tech product is able to increase the GDP ratio gradually according to developing situation presently. It is to believe that the ratio will raise a certain one in near future because it has high-knowledge & high-science factor within knowing it to producing it from the transfer of laboratory to factory. So that the new product enables to exhibit in its market after it was made in a factory continuously through using our scientist and engineers behaviour positively. We must encourage the high-tech proceeding engineers etc. who will transform the idea stimulus into the searching behaviour in lab with other researchers through acquiring a certain project from the funding so as to erect the experience and knowledge after several years that makes the sample into product entering current market to complete the receiving the order and transiting the cuisine to customers. That will be said that automatic changing to artificial intelligence one in order to promote the time and efficiency at all through the huge change said “let it do” changed to “it can do”. we should continuously enhance its function and upgrade it & make its stability that means it can undergo a long time to serve as a like humanoid robot that may sometimes exhibit in our canteen as an automatic and artificial intelligence one to save some money while promoting its quality and efficiency concept. Thereby, the GDP increasement will coordinate the infrastructure and industrial innovation, and the latter includes high-technique product making ones. We may continually improve our capacity to make a new high-level product for the sake of promoting our industrial development with a certain value each year. The other one will be foreign trade exportation that may help us earn the foreign money to use in later urgent time. So the industry, learning, research & usefulness etc. procedures will be boosting that combines into university, institution, factory & office four aspects cooperative spirits and culture for the sake of building a good future.
Keywords: innovation; the China &European Nations GDP; the World Cities GDP; analyzing; searching
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Effective Pedagogical Approaches for Enhancing Students’ Mathematics Achievement and Proficiency
Theresia Bonifasi Mkenda, Department of Natural Sciences and Information Technology, Mwenge Catholic University, Moshi, Tanzania.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19038954 | Page 01 to 29
Abstract
Despite various measures implemented by different stakeholders to enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics in Tanzania, the pass rate for students in the Form Four national examinations has remained below 25% for over fifteen consecutive years. This ongoing widespread failure in mathematics is probably linked to several factors, including teaching methods used by educators, attitudes of students and teachers towards the subject, political influences, community perspectives, and the overall school environment surrounding the learners. This paper explores the most effective strategies that teachers and other stakeholders can adopt to make mathematics lessons more engaging and promote positive attitudes among students, thereby unlocking their potential in the subject. These strategies were initially identified through a scoping review of existing scholarly works sourced from various databases and then tested for practicality and relevance in selected secondary schools in Tanzania by sharing them with mathematics teachers and students. Additionally, a group of twenty (20) pre-service mathematics teacher trainees, enrolled at a university and volunteering to support mathematics teaching in the selected schools, implemented these strategies. The teaching support programme was conducted on weekends, during vacations, or on days when the pre-service teachers had fewer classes at the university. On average, each volunteer dedicated four hours per week to visiting schools and supporting the mathematics teaching and learning process. Feedback from teachers and students, students’ scores before and after the intervention, and lessons learnt from the programme helped to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategies in unlocking students’ potential in mathematics.
Keywords: Scoping Review, Effective Teaching Strategies, Students’ Mathematics Potential, Mathematics Teaching Support Programme
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
An Innovation Searching for Analyzing the Zhejiang & Guangdong Provinces Cities’ GDP & The Asian Nations GDP per capita Status by Sustainability
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19029088 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The GDP (gross domestic product) will take a role on positive activities so as to enhance the economy target in last year and in this year the increasement step may be defined to attain in perspective. Thereby the concluding last year ones and making a strategic plan for next year will relate all of our aspects like life̖ consumption & production̖ education̖ environmental sustainability, ensuring balanced growth across sectors. By aligning individual and institutional efforts with national development priorities, we foster inclusive progress that benefits all stakeholders. This integrated approach gains renewed urgency in new year perspective and strategic plan by the relevant governmental constitution and institutions. Specially as 2026 unfolds with heightened focus on new challenge for us is to continue to endeavour sustainably on various high level fields like Artificial Intelligence̖ bio-medical pharmacy̖ new function materials etc. many lines. That may take an important role in increasing our GDP value for this year. Thereby, we need to continue to search those cutting-edge-fields through our experts and scientists because those aspects may be proceeded sustainably special in low-contamination non fossil fuel like wind energy̖ photovoltaic energy̖ hydraulic one̖ nuclear reacting-pile one. So we need a lot of engineers & scholars etc participating cooperatively and satisfy the producing̖ learning̖ searching & usefulness series of industrial procedures to invest and push into market meeting consumers demands. There will be still big resilient space to wield our imagination and research capacity to publish the relevant achievement in famous journals so as to arouse the basis &application aspects research together for alleviating the cause matters. We should continue to search and develop the low-carbon energy base status and application to futural huge requirement electricity for example the chargeable battery technique etc. reserved energy stations which increases from several years gradually meeting the electrical vehicle̖ hybrid vehicle even small motorcycles.
Keywords: Zhejiang & Guangdong provinces cities’ GDP; Asian nations GDP per capita; analyzing; searching.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
An Innovation Searching for Analyzing the Asian Nations GDP Status & the World GDP Ranking in 2023 with Sustainability
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19022596 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The GDP (gross domestic product) will take a role on positive activities so as to enhance the economy target in last year and in this year the increasement step may be defined to attain in perspective. Thereby the concluding last year ones and making a strategic plan for next year will relate all of our aspects like life̖ consumption & production̖ education̖ environmental sustainability, ensuring balanced growth across sectors. By aligning individual and institutional efforts with national development priorities, we foster inclusive progress that benefits all stakeholders. This integrated approach gains renewed urgency in new year perspective and strategic plan by the relevant governmental constitution and institutions. Specially as 2026 unfolds with heightened focus on new challenge for us is to continue to endeavour sustainably on various high level fields like Artificial Intelligence̖ bio-medical pharmacy̖ new function materials etc. many lines. That may take an important role in increasing our GDP value for this year. Thereby, we need to continue to search those cutting-edge-fields through our experts and scientists because those aspects may be proceeded sustainably special in low-contamination non fossil fuel like wind energy̖ photovoltaic energy̖ hydraulic one̖ nuclear reacting-pile one. So, we need a lot of engineers & scholars etc participating cooperatively and satisfy the producing̖ learning̖ searching & usefulness series of industrial procedures to invest and push into market meeting consumers demands. There will be still big resilient space to wield our imagination and research capacity to publish the relevant achievement in famous journals so as to arouse the basis & application aspects research together for alleviating the cause matters. We should continue to search and develop the low-carbon energy base status and application to futural huge requirement electricity for example the chargeable battery technique etc. reserved energy stations which increases from several years gradually meeting the electrical vehicle̖ hybrid vehicle even small motorcycles.
Keywords: innovation; Asian nations GDP Status; world GDP ranking in 2023; analyzing; searching
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Molecular Mechanisms of Epirubicin in Multiple Myeloma: Targeting CDC20 for Enhanced Chemosensitivity and Cell Cycle Arrest
Farhan Haider Baryar, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Nida Anwar, Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
Abdul Rehman, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18979222 | Page 01 to 25
Abstract
Background: Epirubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for multiple myeloma (MM), but its clinical efficacy remains limited due to the inability to identify the subgroup of patients most likely to benefit. Identifying reliable biomarkers that can predict chemosensitivity is crucial for developing personalized treatment strategies and improving therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to characterize the molecular mechanisms of epirubicin in MM cells, explore its tumor-suppressive effects, and highlight potential biomarkers for patient stratification. Materials and Methods: The review synthesizes findings from studies on epirubicin’s half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MM cell lines, gene expression alterations following treatment, and bioinformatic analysis of publicly available datasets. We focus on CDC20, a key cell-cycle regulator, and its role as a prognostic biomarker for treatment response. In vitro assays, gene expression profiling, and in vivo xenograft models are explored to assess the impact of epirubicin on cell-cycle progression and tumor growth. Results: Epirubicin treatment leads to significant changes in gene expression, with CDC20 being one of the most markedly downregulated genes. Transcriptome analysis reveals that CDC20 suppression is associated with G2/M arrest and reduced tumor proliferation. Bioinformatic analysis of clinical datasets demonstrates that high CDC20 expression correlates with poorer survival outcomes, including shorter overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and post-progression survival (PPS). Conclusion: Epirubicin induces anti-myeloma effects by downregulating CDC20 and promoting cell-cycle arrest in MM cells. CDC20 serves as a potential biomarker for identifying MM patients who are likely to benefit from epirubicin-based therapies. These findings provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of epirubicin’s action and the potential for using CDC20 as a predictive marker in precision oncology for MM.
Keywords: Epirubicin; CDC20; multiple myeloma; cell-cycle arrest; biomarkers
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
An Innovation Searching for Analyzing Five Metropolitan Cities GDP Value
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam- Do, South Korea.
Jing Yu, Yantai Institute of Science & Technology, Dept. of Business & Management, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Guanghui Yu, Yantai Institute of Science & Technology, Dept. of Business & Management, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Jiaguang Liu, Yantai Institute of Science & Technology, Dept. of Business & Management, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Xianglan Piao, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
Changfu Jin, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
Zheman Lian, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
Dezhu Li, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18945054 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The GDP (gross domestic product) will take a role on positive activities so as to enhance the economy target in last year and in this year the increasement step may be defined to attain in perspective. Thereby the concluding last year ones and making a strategic plan for next year will relate all of our aspects like life̖ consumption & production̖ education̖ environmental sustainability, ensuring balanced growth across sectors. By aligning individual and institutional efforts with national development priorities, we foster inclusive progress that benefits all stakeholders. This integrated approach gains renewed urgency in new year perspective and strategic plan by the relevant governmental constitution and institutions. Specially as 2026 unfolds with heightened focus on new challenge for us is to continue to endeavour sustainably on various high level fields like Artificial Intelligence̖ bio-medical pharmacy̖ new function materials etc. many lines. That may take an important role in increasing our GDP value for this year. Thereby, we need to continue to search those cutting-edge-fields through our experts and scientists because those aspects may be proceeded sustainably special in low-contamination non fossil fuel like wind energy̖ photovoltaic energy ̖hydraulic one̖ nuclear reacting-pile one. Wo we need a lot of engineers & scholars etc participating cooperatively and satisfy the producing̖ learning̖ searching & usefulness series of industrial procedures to invest and push into market meeting consumers demands. There will be still big resilient space to wield our imagination and research capacity to publish the relevant achievement in famous journals so as to arouse the basis & application aspects research together for alleviating the cause matters. We should continue to search and develop the low-carbon energy base status and application to futural huge requirement electricity for example the chargeable battery technique etc. reserved energy stations which increases from several years gradually meeting the electrical vehicle̖ hybrid vehicle even small motorcycles.
Keywords: GDP; Chinese provinces GDP analysis; five metropolitan cities GDP comparison; the International Journal of Current Research; analyze & enhance.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
An Innovation Searching for Chinese provinces GDP Value analysis
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yantai Institute of Science & Technology, Dept. of Business & Management, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Guanghui Yu, Yantai Institute of Science & Technology, Dept. of Business & Management, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Jiaguang Liu, Yantai Institute of Science & Technology, Dept. of Business & Management, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Xianglan Piao, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
Changfu Jin, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
Zheman Lian, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
Dezhu Li, Yanbian University, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18944950 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The GDP (gross domestic product) will take a role on positive activities so as to enhance the economy target in last year and in this year the increasement step may be defined to attain in perspective. Thereby the concluding last year ones and making a strategic plan for next year will relate all of our aspects like life̖ consumption & production̖ education̖ environmental sustainability, ensuring balanced growth across sectors. By aligning individual and institutional efforts with national development priorities, we foster inclusive progress that benefits all stakeholders. This integrated approach gains renewed urgency in new year perspective and strategic plan by the relevant governmental constitution and institutions. Specially as 2026 unfolds with heightened focus on new challenge for us is to continue to endeavour sustainably on various high level fields like Artificial Intelligence̖ bio-medical pharmacy̖ new function materials etc. many lines. That may take an important role in increasing our GDP value for this year. Thereby, we need to continue to search those cutting- edge-fields through our experts and scientists because those aspects may be proceeded sustainably special in low-contamination non fossil fuel like wind energy̖ photovoltaic energy ̖hydraulic one̖ nuclear reacting-pile one. Wo we need a lot of engineers & scholars etc participating cooperatively and satisfy the producing̖ learning̖ searching & usefulness series of industrial procedures to invest and push into market meeting consumers demands. There will be still big resilient space to wield our imagination and research capacity to publish the relevant achievement in famous journals so as to arouse the basis & application aspects research together for alleviating the cause matters. We should continue to search and develop the low-carbon energy base status and application to futural huge requirement electricity for example the chargeable battery technique etc. reserved energy stations which increases from several years gradually meeting the electrical vehicle̖ hybrid vehicle even small motorcycles.
Keywords: GDP; Chinese provinces GDP analysis; innovation.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
GEOELECTRICAL EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF GASSOL, TARABA NORTHEAST NIGERIA USING DARZARROUK PARAMETERS
Moshud K. Musa, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Achimugu Augustina, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Rimamsiwe Alfred, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Abu-ubaida D. Adamu, Department of Physics, Modibbo Adama University Yola, Adamawa State.
Sa’adu B. Abubakar, Federal University Wukari.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18942416 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
Twenty-five (25) resistivity VES points were sounded in five wards of Gassol, Taraba, Northeastern Nigeria; Gunduma, Shira, Mutum-biyu ward A, Mutum-biyu ward B, and Namne ward to evaluate the groundwater quality of the area using secondary geoelectric resistivity parameters (Dar-Zarrouk parameters; total longitudinal unit conductance S, transverse resistance T and reflection coefficient ) acquired from the primary resistivity field data (apparent resistivity and thickness) interpreted by IXD Interpex software. Result from the S proportional to aquifer protective capacity APC of the study area ranging from 0.009069 mho – 10.498660 mho and this shown that 52 % of the VES points APC were poor, 20 % were weak, 4 % were moderate and only 24 % were good and excellent. Transverse resistance T of the area varied from 778.6767 − 352920.9895 Ω-m2 and area of very low T yield quality groundwater as seen in Mutum-biyu ward A where VES 13, 14 and 15 were conducted. However, locations with high T values possessed high groundwater potential. The reflection coefficient RC range from – 0.9996 to + 0.9984, with an average value of -0.3461, indicating that the study area possessed good prospect for groundwater potential. Groundwater flow direction map revealed areas of recharge and discharge and it is deduced that water recharge areas were located along Southern and North Eastern part while discharge area was visibly situated at the North Western part of the study area. The study area was characterized having poor/weak APC and only 24 % of its VES points APC possessed good and excellent APC rating and the earth material (clay) drives this hydrogeology protection observed in different VES points; VES 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. Consequently, 76 % of the water bearing formation units due to APC of the study area is prone to contaminant and this hydro-geologically affects the quality of the groundwater exploited from boreholes with high groundwater potential. Measures to protect the anthropogenic pollution of the groundwater resources of the area include; refuse dumping site or any groundwater polluting activity locations should be provided and managed by the government and the development site for this project was recommended at the NW or NE part of the area in order to protect groundwater pollution in areas with low APC as observed in most VES locations.
Keywords: Groundwater quality, groundwater pollution, Dar-Zarrouk parameters, aquifer protective capacity APC, longitudinal conductance S, transverse resistance T, reflection coefficient , clay, recharge point, discharge point
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What Drives Purchase Intention Toward Fourth-Generation Residences? An Attribute–Value–Intention Framework with the Mediating Role of Perceived Value
Yapei Zheng, Rattanakosin International College of Creative Entrepreneurship, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
Songyu Jiang, Rattanakosin International College of Creative Entrepreneurship, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18942086 | Page 01 to 34
Abstract
Fourth-generation residences, often described as “gardens on every floor and courtyards in every home”, have rapidly emerged as a new housing product category, yet evidence on what drives consumer adoption remains limited. This study develops and tests an attribute–value–intention framework to explain purchase intention toward fourth-generation residences. Environmental sustainability, space utilization, intelligence degree, and residential comfort, are modeled as antecedents of perceived value, which in turn predicts purchase intention, with perceived value specified as a mediating mechanism. Survey data were collected using a structured questionnaire refined via a pilot test and then administered in a main study (N = 651). Structural equation modeling with bootstrapped indirect effects indicates that perceived value is a strong predictor of purchase intention. Environmental sustainability and residential comfort exert significant positive effects on perceived value and also show significant direct effects on purchase intention, highlighting them as primary value-differentiating attributes. In contrast, space utilization and intelligence degree exhibit weaker impacts: their direct effects on perceived value are non-significant (with intelligence degree marginal), while their indirect effects through perceived value are positive but small. The findings advance understanding of consumer decision-making for emerging housing innovations and provide actionable guidance for positioning and communicating fourth-generation residences around comfort- and sustainability-based value.
Keywords: Fourth-generation residences; Perceived value; Purchase intention; Environmental sustainability; Residential comfort; Smart housing; Structural equation modeling
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Studies on the Nematicidal Efficacy of Khaya senegalensis Methanol Leaf Extract on Root-Knot Nematodes of Tomatoes
Liman B, Department of Biology, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto.
Ukatu V.E., Department of Animal and environmental Biology, Afusta, Kebbi State.
Attah D.D, Department of Animal and environmental Biology, Afusta, Kebbi State.
Keta J.N, Department of Animal and environmental Biology, Afusta, Kebbi State.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18941942 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Root-knot nematode infestations represent a severe agricultural crisis, aggressively diminishing the vegetative growth and harvest yields of vital crops both within Nigeria and on a global scale. This greenhouse-based investigation evaluated the therapeutic potential of Khaya senegalensis leaf extracts in mitigating root-knot nematode damage in tomato plants. To identify candidate botanicals, a localized survey was conducted among farmers in Sokoto State to document traditional plant-based remedies used against suspected nematode attacks. The researchers distributed 300 questionnaires evenly across the state’s three senatorial districts. The survey revealed nine utilized plant species, from which three were isolated for experimental focus—representing the most frequently cited botanical from each respective district.
For the biological assay, thirty 15 cm open-mouth plastic pots were prepared with sterilized soil. One-week-old, independently raised tomato seedlings were carefully transplanted into these receptacles. With the exception of a designated healthy control group, each seedling environment was artificially infested with 1,000 nematode juveniles. A methanol-derived extract of Khaya senegalensis leaves was then administered to the infected plants at graduating concentrations (100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 300 mg/ml, and 400 mg/ml), alongside an untreated, infected control group. Following a four-week incubation period, researchers evaluated several developmental metrics, including total plant height, root extension, galling severity, and final nematode counts. The data revealed marked physiological improvements across all measured parameters in the extract-treated cohorts compared to the untreated infected plants, with the most robust recovery observed at the maximum dosage of 400 mg/ml. Initial phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents, which likely drive the observed parasitic suppression. Nonetheless, comprehensive biochemical modeling is required to isolate the specific phytocompounds responsible for these defense mechanisms across diverse plant species.
Keywords: Botanical nematicides, Khaya senegalensis, Meloidogyne, phytomedicine, tomato yield, Sokoto agriculture.
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An Innovation Searching for Enhancing the China Foreign Trade Trillion Yuan provinces Value & Chinese Master Graduated Application Number on Scientists Sustainably
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18922272 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
As an indicator to nations economy development the GDP (gross domestic product) has an important influence to the economy level, quality aspects etc., so the comparing with other continents will have a significant meaning continuously by scientists who publish their latest achievement at the high impact-factor journal within a periodic time. We should look at the paper through internet web site even we can download the article for seeing later for the sake of erecting reading habits and information from there. Thereby, the one in journal will become a bridge connecting the readers and authors where the new method, approach may be seen by us. So that the high-technology product is able to be produced with those innovation method accounting for certain meaning new products which may stimulus the presently searching and producing ones because there is so thorough investigation to one property. We should continue to process those key parameter searching activity so that new functional product enables to be created in light of insistence and resilience measures. On the other hand, new quality productivity will be pushed from laboratory to industrial business like photovoltaic one, vehicle battery, hydrogen fuel etc. field, which may increase the corresponding industrial substitution those old energy usefulness for new quality energy. All of them may form the new industrial innovation with new transiting energy product which occupies the industrial production more and more. In future those new energy like generating the electrical amount has to dominate more ratio in GDP value. We must rapidly and urgently promote the new quality productivity from university lab to institution and industrial business for the sake of transforming the innovation energy into society quickly. On the other side, the more attracting the excellent talents from oversees university, institution & industry business will be done by us from now on. In light of News report the China R & D (research &development) investment ratio is gradually increasing year by year, so there is more chance and good equipment can match to proceed the new high-tech product preliminary investigation and promotion by recruiting others like USA top scientists who can transfer the USA top technique to China. We should go on processing those talents turn-back work from famous university etc. in abroad like USA accounting for new environmental formality to become the leadership role now.
Keywords: innovation; search for; China foreign trade trillion yuan provinces; Chinese Master graduated application number.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
A Systematic Review On the Occurrence, History, Effects, Analysis of POPs And its Future Aspects
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Zhenguo Li, Yanshan University, School of Electrical Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18921905 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
As an indicator to nations economy development the GDP (gross domestic product) has an important influence to the economy level, quality aspects etc., so the comparing with other continents will have a significant meaning continuously by scientists who publish their latest achievement at the high impact-factor journal within a periodic time. We should look at the paper through internet web site even we can download the article for seeing later for the sake of erecting reading habits and information from there. Thereby, the one in journal will become a bridge connecting the readers and authors where the new method, approach may be seen by us. So that the high-technology product is able to be produced with those innovation method accounting for certain meaning new products which may stimulus the presently searching and producing ones because there is so thorough investigation to one property. We should continue to process those key parameter searching activity so that new functional product enables to be created in light of insistence and resilience measures. On the other hand, new quality productivity will be pushed from laboratory to industrial business like photovoltaic one, vehicle battery, hydrogen fuel etc. field, which may increase the corresponding industrial substitution those old energy usefulness for new quality energy. All of them may form the new industrial innovation with new transiting energy product which occupies the industrial production more and more. In future those new energy like generating the electrical amount has to dominate more ratio in GDP value. We must rapidly and urgently promote the new quality productivity from university lab to institution and industrial business for the sake of transforming the innovation energy into society quickly. On the other side, the more attracting the excellent talents from oversees university, institution & industry business will be done by us from now on. In light of News report the China R & D (research & development) investment ratio is gradually increasing year by year, so there is more chance and good equipment can match to proceed the new high-tech product preliminary investigation and promotion by recruiting others like USA top scientists who can transfer the USA top technique to China. We should go on processing those talents turn-back work from famous university etc. in abroad like USA accounting for new environmental formality to become the leadership role now.
Keywords: innovation; search for; China foreign trade trillion-yuan provinces; Chinese Master graduated application number.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
A Systematic Review On the Occurrence, History, Effects, Analysis of POPs And its Future Aspects
Zain-ul-Abideen, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Wamiq Rasool, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Muhammad Mohsin, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Dr. Wasif Mehmood, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Ahmed Malik, Lecturer at Emerson University Multan Pakistan.
Rana Muhammad Adeel Bashir, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Eisha Ahmad, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18920472 | Page 01 to 40
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic substances and may not be biodegraded in the environment and accumulate in the organisms. Environmental forensic investigations are aimed at identifying and studying these pollutants in different matrices in the forms of biological samples, air, water, and soil. This paper will focus on identifying the important processes in sample preparation in order to identify POPs in environmental forensic analyses. The sample preparation procedure is divided into a number of stages: sampling, sample extraction and purification. Some of the common methods of extraction are Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). Recent technologies like the QuEChERS and passive sampling devices have also been implemented in order to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the process. Proper sampling can guarantee good recovery; less solvent was used and the integrity of the analytes. Such procedures are important to present the accurate and dependable findings in the legal and regulatory settings, and make the forensic information defensible. Preparation of samples continues to be an integral part of environmental forensic research, which will increase the accuracy and dependability of data in the detection of POPs. The further improvements in the extraction methods lead to the more efficient and environmentally friendly forensic science.
Keywords: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); Environmental Forensics; Sample Preparation; Solid Phase Extraction (SPE); Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE); Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE).
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
A Systematic Review On the Occurrence, History, Effects, Analysis of POPs And its Future Aspects
Zain-ul-Abideen, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Wamiq Rasool, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Muhammad Mohsin, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Dr. Wasif Mehmood, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Ahmed Malik, Lecturer at Emerson University Multan Pakistan.
Rana Muhammad Adeel Bashir, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
Eisha Ahmad, Institute of Chemical Sciences BZU Multan Pakistan.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18920472 | Page 01 to 40
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic substances and may not be biodegraded in the environment and accumulate in the organisms. Environmental forensic investigations are aimed at identifying and studying these pollutants in different matrices in the forms of biological samples, air, water, and soil. This paper will focus on identifying the important processes in sample preparation in order to identify POPs in environmental forensic analyses. The sample preparation procedure is divided into a number of stages: sampling, sample extraction and purification. Some of the common methods of extraction are Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). Recent technologies like the QuEChERS and passive sampling devices have also been implemented in order to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the process. Proper sampling can guarantee good recovery; less solvent was used and the integrity of the analytes. Such procedures are important to present the accurate and dependable findings in the legal and regulatory settings, and make the forensic information defensible. Preparation of samples continues to be an integral part of environmental forensic research, which will increase the accuracy and dependability of data in the detection of POPs. The further improvements in the extraction methods lead to the more efficient and environmentally friendly forensic science.
Keywords: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); Environmental Forensics; Sample Preparation; Solid Phase Extraction (SPE); Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE); Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE).
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
A Critique of English Grammar Teaching Approaches and Learning Outcomes in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State
Nkopuruk, Imikan N, Department of Arts Education, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18920102 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that English grammar is at the centre of language acquisition but the approaches that are used in teaching grammar still elicit scholarly controversy. This paper explored and discussed the instructional strategies and their consequent learning outcomes in government seniors schools in Ijebu-Imusin, Ogun State, in particular the strengths and weaknesses of the Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) and the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) strategy. It employed a qualitative research design relying on the information regarding classroom observations, student assessment, and error analysis in the schools of Saint Anthony Grammar School (SANTOS) and Ikala Comprehensive High School (ICHS). The data was centered on both written and oral performance of the grammar of the students. The results showed that GTM is more likely to develop more structural accuracy in the product of the students but inhibits the process of building communicative competence. On the other hand, CLT encourages oral fluency and often allows the repetition of grammatical errors as unchecked. Students within GTM classrooms demonstrated better results in formal writing assignments whereas their counterparts in CLT-exposed environments demonstrated better results in spoken-based communication situations. The research had a conclusion that neither of the two methods could be used independently to bring about holistic language proficiency. A comprehensive pedagogical approach that would combine explicit structural approach of GTM and interactive and contextual approach of CLT was thus suggested. The teachers are enticed to strike a functional balance between the form-based and meaning-based teaching. It is also recommended to make more comprehensive changes to the curriculum and provide teachers with continuous professional growth to improve the quality of grammar education. The results suggest a significant change in pedagogical practice that should be aimed at providing a hybrid instruction system, which would be responsive to linguistic diversity and need needs of students, and should lead to the enhancement of the overall outcomes in secondary education.
Keywords: Language Proficiency, Communicative Language Teaching, Pedagogical Reforms, Error Analysis, Grammar-Translation Method.
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THE IMPACT OF RISING OIL PRICES ON PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, BUDGET BALANCE, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE, INFLATION, GDP, AND OIL REVENUE IN CAMEROON
Njoudiyimoun Gbetnkom Mama Najip, PhD Candidate at the University of Douala, Department of Economics, Cameroon.
Ngouhouo Ibrahim, Full Professor at the University of Dschang, Department of Economics, Cameroon.
Njoupouognigni Moussa, Associate Professor (Senior Lecturer) at the University of Douala, Department of Economics, Cameroon.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18874592 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of rising oil prices on the Cameroonian economy, focusing on public expenditure, the budget balance, the current account balance, inflation, real GDP, and oil revenues over the period 1985–2024. Using annual data and a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model in first differences, the study examines the short-run dynamics generated by oil price shocks in a context characterized by structural constraints and data limitations. The results show that oil price increases lead to an immediate and significant rise in oil revenues, strengthening short-term public financing capacity, but these gains are not sustained and are accompanied by procyclical public spending that ultimately deteriorates the budget balance. The current account improves only temporarily before being offset by rising imports, consistent with Dutch disease effects, while real GDP responds weakly, reflecting limited transmission of oil rents to long-term growth. oil price shocks generate mild and short-lived inflationary pressures, reflecting limited pass-through to domestic prices. The forecast error variance decomposition further indicates that oil price shocks explain only a small share of fluctuations in most domestic macroeconomic variables, except for oil revenues, underscoring the dominant role of structural and institutional factors. Overall, the findings support the resource curse hypothesis and emphasize the need for countercyclical fiscal policies, effective oil revenue management, and economic diversification to reduce vulnerability to oil price volatility and promote sustainable economic growth in Cameroon.
Keywords: Oil prices, Macroeconomic shocks, VAR model, Public finances, Inflation.
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p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Mechanisms of Maerua angolensisInduced Apoptosis in Human Adenocarcinoma Cells: Implications for Broad-Spectrum Cancer Therapy
Bala, Shagari Maryam, Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
James Olayinka Adisa, Department of Medical Laboratory Histopathology Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
I. Mohammed, Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
M. U. Imam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Aisha Abdulazeez, Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Sama’ila Hussaini, Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18874007 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
Background & Objective: TP53 mutations impair therapeutic responses in ~50% of human cancers, limiting conventional chemotherapy. This study evaluated the apoptosis-inducing mechanisms of Maerua angolensis methanolic leaf extract in p53 wild-type (MCF-7) and p53-mutant (HT-29) cancer cells.
Methods: Cytotoxicity (MTT), cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry), gene expression (RT-qPCR), and apoptosis assays (Annexin V/PI) were performed.
Results: The extract exhibited moderate cytotoxicity within the biologically relevant range for natural product extracts (IC₅₀ 15.6 μg/mL in MCF-7; 34.4 μg/mL in HT-29). Doxorubicin (IC₅₀ 1.0 μg/mL) and capecitabine (IC₅₀ 10.0 μg/mL) demonstrated higher single-target potency, being 15.6-fold and 3.4-fold more potent than the extract, respectively. In MCF-7 cells, it activated p53-dependent apoptosis via p53↑ (4.2-fold), BAX↑ (3.8-fold), BCL2↓ (0.45-fold), and G0/G1 arrest. In HT-29 cells, it induced p53-independent apoptosis via BAX↑ (2.1-fold), BCL2↓ (0.62-fold), and dual G0/G1 & G2/M arrest. Apoptosis reached >42% in both cell lines.
Conclusion: M. angolensis extract induces Apoptosis through both p53-dependent and independent pathways, demonstrating broad-spectrum efficacy with moderate cytotoxicity accompanied by multi-mechanistic activity. Its ability to exploit compensatory apoptotic mechanisms in both p53 wild-type and p53-mutant cells positions it as a promising candidate for complementary cancer therapy, particularly for treating p53-mutant cancers where conventional agents often fail.
Keywords: Maerua angolensis, p53-independent Apoptosis, p53-dependent pathway, TP53 mutation, cell cycle arrest, BAX/BCL2 ratio, compensatory mechanisms, multi-targeted therapy.
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NECESSITY AND ROLES OF CONVERSION FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATORS
Abigail Daniel Dariya, Baptist Theological Seminary, Kaduna.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18868160 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
This paper examines the indispensability of genuine conversion experience for Christian educators and its decisive influence on their teaching ministry. It argues that conversion is sacrosanct to the vocation of the Christian teacher because life and teaching are inseparably intertwined. In response to contemporary aberrations in church teaching, where some educators minister without personal conversion, the study validates the necessity of authentic faith commitment for two primary reasons: first, that educators teach out of lived spiritual experience rather than abstract theory; and second, that they effectively guide learners toward a conscious decision of faith. A Christian educator who lacks personal conversion risks presenting doctrinal theory without transformative reality. The paper further contends that Christian education is distinguished from other forms of teaching by its supernatural, God-centered orientation and redemptive purpose. The ultimate task of the Christian teacher is to present Christ as Savior so that learners may believe, accept, and experience spiritual transformation, passing from death to life and manifesting the character of Christ in daily living. Rooted in the authority of Scripture as the inspired and inerrant Word of God, Christian teaching seeks not merely cognitive development but spiritual regeneration and ethical formation. Thus, conversion is both the foundation of the educator’s identity and the catalyst for authentic, transformative pedagogy.
Keywords: Necessity, Conversion and Christian Educators
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THE MANAGEMENT OF CANINE TRANSMISSIBLE VENEREAL TUMOR (TVT) IN AN INDIGENOUS FEMALE DOG: A CASE STUDY
Lawal Iya Ramota, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Adesida Tolulope Samuel, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Akinwande Abdul-akeem, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Vongrim Alfred Enoch, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Olajide Oluwafemi Oladiran, Department of Pasture and Range management, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Adedeji Taiwo Segun, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Olaleye Joshua Oluwafemi, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Ijatuiyi Ayomide Samuel, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Ekundayo John Gbenga, Department of Animal Health and Production, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure.
Onakpa Monday Micheal, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Akure.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18868006 | Page 01 to 08
Abstract
Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) which is also known as transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumor and infectious sarcoma, is a highly contagious neoplasm, usually transmitted through coitus especially in dogs and other canines. The etiology appears to be cell transplant from affected to unaffected dogs, CTVT originates from a somatic cell lineage whose genome persists in dogs for more than 5,000 years and has undergone a process of introgression from coyotes to pre-contact dogs, characterized as a contagious tumor with worldwide spreading, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. In male dogs the tumor is usually on the foreskin of the penis, while in female dog it affects the vulva. Cytology is largely employed for diagnosis. The tumor is many times self- limiting and vincristine sulfate is currently considered the most effective therapy. The study evaluates the management process of TVT of a 2-year-old indigenous female dog weighing 20 kg which was presented with symptoms of canine transmissible venereal tumor to the Veterinary clinic of the college of Agriculture Akure.
Keywords: Canine transmissible venereal tumor, Tumor, Coitus, Cytology.
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The Searching for Analyzing the GDP per capita variation with Chinese Provinces Comparison Sustainably through Observing Statistic Data
Run Xu, Gyeongsnag National University, School of Nano New Materails Eng., Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18861312 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The nations & regions GDP (gross domestic product) will represent their comprehensive strength in views of economy level and quality, so searching it may have an important effectiveness for us to process statistic with the national producing amount every month, season and year. In the meantime, the value with y-y has also a significant meaning that reflects the economy growth step because we should clarify the increasing change so as to evaluate the increasement and declination value preciously. The positive y-y value may mean the good and rapid economy developing status whilst the minus one may state the bad and slow economy step. So we judge the economy developing enhancement and decreasement through that y-y value for a certain period. Meantime, the toughness of national economy developing force will be shown by the y-y value because some regions remained a low economy situation but its y-y value had high one explained the high toughness with such regions besides the low GDP value. So that the new-quality productivity will be sought by us continuously special by those scientist, senior engineer, experts because they can lead to new feasible energy and dynamic force to drive the new one into realizing new-quality productivity producing a certain effectiveness to GDP enhancement as last. In the meantime, the new-high-technology product will be formed accordingly that can create the industrial chains to support the high-knowledge skill transformed into the more comprehensive and complicated product for the sake of serving our citizen with modernization. The emerging technology would be driven the new energy force that includes the low -carbon and low-contamination electricity generator which may form the new quality productivity protected our earth from carbon-oxide and nitric-oxide etc. release. So that some the high-tech products would aware that the transformation and positively prepare the futural product producing and application. Thereby, the nation’s GDP will reflect the whole economy special in new high-tech-field maker and products will play a significant influence on that value increasement and control the y-y value under our consideration.
Keywords: Searching for; analyzing; GDP per capita variation for Chinese Provinces; by sustainably observing.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
The Searching for Analyzing the Nation’s Economy Strength GDP & Top Nations’ Industrial Production Comparison & China cities index of development etc. Sustainably through Observing Historical Statistic Value
Run Xu, Gyeongsnag National University, School of Nano New Materails Eng., Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18853807 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The nations & regions GDP (gross domestic product) will represent their comprehensive strength in views of economy level and quality, so searching it may have an important effectiveness for us to process statistic with the national producing amount every month, season and year. In the meantime, the value with y-y has also a significant meaning that reflects the economy growth step because we should clarify the increasing change so as to evaluate the increasement and declination value preciously. The positive y-y value may mean the good and rapid economy developing status whilst the minus one may state the bad and slow economy step. So we judge the economy developing enhancement and decreasement through that y-y value for a certain period. Meantime, the toughness of national economy developing force will be shown by the y-y value because some regions remained a low economy situation but its y-y value had high one explained the high toughness with such regions besides the low GDP value. So that the new-quality productivity will be sought by us continuously special by those scientist, senior engineer, experts because they can lead to new feasible energy and dynamic force to drive the new one into realizing new-quality productivity producing a certain effectiveness to GDP enhancement as last. In the meantime, the new-high-technology product will be formed accordingly that can create the industrial chains to support the high-knowledge skill transformed into the more comprehensive and complicated product for the sake of serving our citizen with modernization. The emerging technology would be driven the new energy force that includes the low -carbon and low-contamination electricity generator which may form the new quality productivity protected our earth from carbon-oxide and nitric-oxide etc. release. So that some the high-tech products would aware that the transformation and positively prepare the futural product producing and application. Thereby, the nations GDP will reflect the whole economy special in new high-tech-field maker and products will play a significant influence on that value increasement and control the y-y value under our consideration.
Keywords: Searching for; analyzing; nation’s economy strength GDP; top nations’ industrial Production; Xiaomi YU7 sale amount; MSI Publisher; by sustainably observing
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An Emprical Analysis Of the Impact of Exchange Rate Dynamics On Manufacturing Output In Nigeria
Mufutau Akanmu Popoola, Ph D, Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Ojo Stephen Bolarinwa, Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Adekomi Aleem Babatunde, Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Sobalaje Stephen Sola, Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Yetunde Abolaji Gafar, Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Ayede, Oyo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18853758 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
This study revealed an empirical analysis of the impact of exchange rate dynamics on manufacturing output in Nigeria and how it affects growth in various global locations has been the subject of many studies. These studies have looked into the relationship between macroeconomic performance and exchange rate fluctuations in relation to manufacturing output and other related variables. Using Error Correction Model and exchange rates, inflation rates, interest rates, and investments as independent variables, this study examined the performance of Nigeria’s manufacturing sector as was affected by fluctuations in exchange rates policy, Stationarity, short-term and long-term causal relationships-among the variables were tested using the Unit Root, Johansen co-integration, Granger causality tests. According to the study’s empirical findings, interest rates, exchange rates, and investment all have statistically significant effects on Nigeria’s manufacturing output; however, investment positively and significantly affects Nigerian manufacturing output, while interest rates and exchange rates have negative effects. Additionally, the estimation’s outcome showed a two-way causal relationship between Nigeria’s manufacturing output and exchange rates. Therefore, in order to successfully manage the exchange rate, it is suggested that the government develop a good exchange rate policy in to their economy system.
Keywords: Error Correction Model, Exchange Rate Fluctuations, Manufacturing output, Granger Causality, Johansen co-integration.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
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The Searching for Analyzing the Nation’s Economy Strength GDP and The Top Nations’ Industrial Production Comparison Sustainably through Observing Historical Statistic Value
Run Xu, Gyeongsnag National University, School of Nano New Materails Eng., Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18853698 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The nations & regions’ GDP (gross domestic product) will represent their comprehensive strength in views of economy level and quality, so searching it may have an important effectiveness for us to process statistic with the national producing amount every month, season and year. In the meantime, the value with y-y has also a significant meaning that reflects the economy growth step because we should clarify the increasing change so as to evaluate the increasement and declination value preciously. The positive y-y value may mean the good and rapid economy developing status whilst the minus one may state the bad and slow economy step. So we judge the economy developing enhancement and decreasement through that y-y value for a certain period. Meantime, the toughness of national economy developing force will be shown by the y-y value because some regions remained a low economy situation but its y-y value had high one explained the high toughness with such regions besides the low GDP value. So that the new-quality productivity will be sought by us continuously special by those scientist, senior engineer, experts because they can lead to new feasible energy and dynamic force to drive the new one into realizing new-quality productivity producing a certain effectiveness to GDP enhancement as last. In the meantime, the new-high-technology product will be formed accordingly that can create the industrial chains to support the high-knowledge skill transformed into the more comprehensive and complicated product for the sake of serving our citizen with modernization. The emerging technology would be driven the new energy force that includes the low -carbon and low-contamination electricity generator which may form the new quality productivity protected our earth from carbon-oxide and nitric-oxide etc. release. So that some the high-tech products would aware that the transformation and positively prepare the futural product producing and application. Thereby, the nations GDP will reflect the whole economy special in new high-tech-field maker and products will play a significant influence on that value increasement and control the y-y value under our consideration.
Keywords: Searching for; analyzing; nation’s economy strength GDP; top nations’ industrial production; by sustainably observing.
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Feminist Consciousness in the Novels of Virginia Woolf
Hiba Afzal, Mphil English Literature, Riphah International University, Pakistan.
Maria Maqsood, Risk College Canal Bank Campus Lahore, Affiliated with GCUF and PU, Lahore, Pakistan.
Tabassum Zahra, Mphil, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Shabnam Naz, English Department, Himayat-e-Islam college, Lahore, Pakistan.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18853636 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
This research article explores feminist consciousness in the novels of Virginia Woolf, one of the most influential modernist writers of the twentieth century. Woolf’s fiction presents a profound critique of patriarchal structures and highlights the psychological, social, and economic oppression experienced by women in early twentieth-century England. Through a close textual analysis of Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, and Orlando, this study examines how Woolf constructs female subjectivity, challenges traditional gender roles, and redefines women’s identity through narrative experimentation and stream-of-consciousness technique. The article applies feminist literary theory, particularly the perspectives of liberal feminism and modern feminist criticism, to investigate Woolf’s representation of domestic confinement, economic dependence, intellectual marginalization, and the search for selfhood. It argues that Woolf’s novels reflect an evolving feminist awareness that moves beyond simple protest toward a deeper exploration of psychological freedom and artistic autonomy. By destabilizing binary oppositions such as male/female, public/private, and rational/emotional, Woolf reconstructs women’s experiences as central rather than peripheral. Furthermore, this study highlights Woolf’s innovative narrative style as a feminist strategy that resists patriarchal literary traditions. The findings suggest that Woolf’s fiction not only mirrors the feminist concerns of her time but also anticipates later feminist discourses on identity, gender fluidity, and creative independence. Ultimately, Woolf’s novels remain foundational texts in feminist literary studies due to their enduring relevance in questioning gender norms and advocating intellectual and economic freedom for women.
Keywords: Feminist consciousness, modernism, gender identity, patriarchy, female subjectivity, stream of consciousness, narrative experimentation
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The Role of Education and Artificial Intelligence in Curbing Insecurity Chikun Local Government, Kaduna State
Samson Z. Mairabo, Mathematics Department, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya.
Rose Zachariah, Integrated Science Department, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya.
Aminu A.A., Technical Education Department, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18853513 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
This paper studied the role of education and artificial intelligence in curbing insecurity for sustainable development within chikun local government area of kaduna state. Chikun Local Government, being one of the 23 Local government area of Kaduna state lies between Latitude 100 25′ 31″ N and10037′ 38″and Longitude 70 01′ 09″ E and 70 29′ 50″ E. The study reviewed some literature and found that the study area has witnessed a serious security threat for over a decade. The findings showed that insecurity will drastically reduce when people become educated. Also, AI has some features that make it think and reason even faster than humans and can be employed to various areas that is not accessible to humans in order to get data. If AI technology is applied, it will help improve security situations of Chikun local government area of kaduna state. Due to the importance of education and the use of AI in curbing insecurity, it is therefore recommended that Government should ensure proper implementation of AI technologies in all its security headquarters and campuses of educational learning.
Keyword: role, AI, Education, sustainability, development
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POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC, STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS ONLINE BIOLOGY INSTRUCTIONS IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
UGWOKE ANTHONY O. Ph. D, DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION ENUGU STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ENUGU.
UDE VERONICA Ph. D, DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND COMPUTER EDUCATION GODFREY OKOYE UNIVERSITY ENUGU.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18853139 | Page 01 to 39
Abstract
Educational institutions across the world were closed down due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, thus leading to sudden shift to online learning. This study assessed post COVID-19 pandemic students’ attitude toward online Biology instructions in private secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was employed, and the sample comprised 447 SSIII students (206 boys, 241 girls) from eleven private secondary schools in Enugu State. Data were collected using structured questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84, indicating high reliability. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), by SPSS version 20. The findings revealed positive perceptions of online learning with no significant gender differences. The study also showed that the private secondary school students have positive attitudes to online Biology instructions amid COVID-19 pandemic, but with no significant gender differences. However, the result revealed that varied challenges were experienced by the students in the application of the online Biology insructions during sit-at-home due to COVID-19 panmic. The study recommends integrating hybrid/blended learning into school curricula as well as encouraging daily online platform use by teachers and students, and providing infrastructure support to enhance learning effectiveness to take of disruption of academic activities in future disease pandemic. By addressing these challenges, online learning can be made more effective and productive for students, even with or without disease pandemic.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, students’ attitude, biology instructions, private secondary schools
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Contribution of Demographic and Environmental Factors in Oral Cancer Incidence in Basrah City: Retrospective Study (2005-2025)
Zainab Abdulkareem MAKTOOF, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Oula Fouad HAMEED, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Hanaa Ali Hussein, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Fatin L. Khaphi, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18852966 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
Background: Basrah city is one of the most affected areas by oral cancer, with increasing concern due to the rising number of reported cases. Cases are spread across different locations, communities, and regions within Basrah, suggesting multiple potential contributing factors.
Methods: A total of 411 oral cancer cases were recorded in Basrah city (Iraq/Basrah), including data on age, sex, address, year of diagnosis, histopathological diagnosis, and the affected site. Data were collected from 2005 to 2025. Cases of malignancies in the oral and facial regions with usual residence outside Basrah were excluded. Data were gathered from records at the Histopathological Research Facility of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, Al-Basrah General Hospital, the College of Dentistry in Basrah, and several private clinics. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the geographical and demographic patterns of oral cancer in Basrah and highlights the need for targeted public health strategies and prevention measures.
Results: Analysis of 411 oral malignant cases from 2005 to 2025 showed that 51. 51.6% were males and 48. 4% were females. The highest incidence was in 2011 (10. 2%), followed by 2009 (8. 5%) and 2010 (8. 0%). Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) was the most common, making up 84. 4% of cases. Other diagnoses included Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (3.2%), Basal Cell Carcinoma (2. 4%), Verrucous Carcinoma (2. 4%), and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (1. 7%). The tongue was the most frequently affected site (47. 0%), followed by the lower jaw (16. 8%), lower lip (6. 8%), and cheek (6. 8%). Patient ages ranged from 4 to 92 years, with a mean age of 53. 39 years and a median age of 55 years. The highest number of cases was in Al-Zubair (25%), followed by Al-Madina and Al-Basrah Alqadima (12. 5% each), and then Al-Karma and Abu Al-Khasib (10% each).
Conclusions: Basrah is one of the most affected regions by cancer, with oral cancer representing a major concern due to the increasing number of cases. Contributing factors include environmental, behavioral, genetic, and socio-economic aspects such as lifestyle, age, sex, genetic predispositions, pollution, and the city’s historical context, all of which significantly influence the incidence of oral cancer.
Keywords: Oral cancer, Environmental Factors, Basrah city, diagnosis, Demographic st
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Enhancing Urban Water Resilience through Green Infrastructure in Kathmandu, Nepal
Amrit Dhakal, Kathmandu University School of Education, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18852898 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
Rapidly growing cities in developing countries, including Kathmandu in Nepal, are struggling more and more to handle water issues brought by both urban growth and climate change. Conventional grey infrastructure is unable to manage rising problems of flooding, polluted water and a drop in groundwater recharge. This work evaluates how Green Infrastructure (GI) might help make Kathmandu Valley more sustainable and enhance ecosystem resilience through better water management. A mix of techniques was used, including analysis on GIS maps, river modeling, tracking field results of selected green technologies and semi-structured stakeholder interviews. GI interventions reduced surface runoff by up to 40%, improved water quality by reducing nutrient loads (BOD, nitrate, phosphate) by over 60%, and mitigated urban heat by 3-4°C. Spatial analysis identified priority zones for GI implementations are found along the Bagmati and in low-level urban areas through spatial analysis. Stakeholders reported widespread support from the public but say that much depends on the lack of coordination and the limited ability to maintain the lanes. The findings suggest that integrating GI a part of regular urban planning requires law changes, new funding sources and greater public participation. This research helps build the evidence for ecological adaptation and suggests useful steps to make the infrastructure in Kathmandu more resilient, livable, and ecological adaptive.
Keywords: green infrastructure, urban resilience, Kathmandu, nature-based solutions, stormwater management, climate change adaptation
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Numerical Investigation of Weather Pattern Cycles and their role in Food Security under climate change
Augustine Ayanga Mayaka, Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya.
Omariba Geofrey Ong’era, Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18817657 | Page 01 to 23
Abstract
Climate change has intensified the variability of weather patterns, posing significant threats to agricultural productivity and food security, particularly in climate-vulnerable regions. This study presents a numerical investigation of weather pattern cycles and their influence on food security under changing climatic conditions. A computational framework implemented in MATLAB is developed to simulate temperature and precipitation variability and to assess their impacts on crop yield potential and post-harvest stability. The governing continuity, momentum, energy, and moisture transport equations are solved numerically, incorporating key dimensionless parameters, namely the Rayleigh, Reynolds, Prandtl, and Lewis numbers, to characterize buoyancy-driven flow, heat transfer, and moisture diffusion under climate forcing. Historical climate data are integrated with numerical simulations to capture seasonal and inter-annual variability, while sensitivity analyses are performed to evaluate agricultural system responses to projected climate scenarios. The results indicate that increasing Rayleigh number amplifies thermal instability and moisture redistribution, whereas higher Lewis numbers suppress mass diffusion, leading to localized humidity accumulation and elevated post-harvest losses. Elevated Reynolds numbers enhance convective mixing, intensifying temperature and moisture fluctuations. Critical thresholds are identified beyond which crop productivity and storage stability deteriorate rapidly, particularly during prolonged dry spells and extreme precipitation events. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive strategies such as optimized harvest scheduling, improved ventilation, and climate-responsive storage technologies. Overall, this study provides quantitative insight into the coupled effects of climate variability and heat–mass transfer on food security and offers a modeling-based framework to support climate-resilient agricultural planning and policy development.
Keywords: Climate change; Weather pattern cycles; Food security; Heat and moisture transport; Numerical modeling
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