Determination of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Children infected with Diarrhea in Kano, Northern Nigeria
Ali M, Department of Microbiology, Federal University Gusau.
Gambo S, Department of Microbiology, Federal University Gusau.
Zage, A.U, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kabo.
Baba A.M, Department of Biology, Aminu College of Islamic and Legal Studies Kano.
Adamu SM, Department of Integrated Science, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education Kumbotso, Kano.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/15383206 | Page 01 to 14
The authors declare that no funding was received for this work.
Abstract
Diseases caused by microorganisms are currently causes of morbidity and motility worldwide. The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolate from children infected with diarrhea in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty (250) stool samples of the infected children were obtained from Microbiology department of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital. Multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were determined using disc diffusion method. The multidrug resistant isolates were evaluated using antibiotic disc of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime respectively. The ESBL producing isolates were confirmed by means of double disc synergy test. Molecular method was employed to determine the resistant gene. A sum of five hundred and twenty three (523) enteric bacteria were recovered from stool 250 samples which include E. coli as the predominant species (36.9%), Salmonella (17.6%), Shigella (12.0%), Klebsiella (8.4%), Proteus (7.5%), Enterobacter (8.2%), Citrobacter (5.4%) and Serratia (4.0%). From the result, the isolates resistant to antibiotics in the presence is considerably low as only 5.2% (27 out of 523) isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR) isolates and only 11 (40.7 %) out of the 27 MDR isolates were ESBLs positive and 16 (59.3%) were non ESBLs producing isolates. However, 9 isolates out of the 11 of the isolates were positively confirmed as ESBL producing isolates confirmed to be ESBLs producers. Molecular identification confirmed the presence of DNA bands of the expected size for CTX-M, TEM and SHV resistant genes. It is concluded that the multidrug resistant bacteria were present in diarrhea of infected children.
Keywords: Children, diarrhea, Enterobacteriaceae, Extended spectrum beta lactamase
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Presence, distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Microorganisms in surface and underground water in Owo Metropolis
Daniels, Komolafe, T.O.2Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, Owo.
A.O., Komolafe, T.O.2Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, Owo.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/15448075 | Page 01 to 21
The authors declare that no funding was received for this work.
Abstract
Microbial contamination in both surface and groundwater sources presents a significant public health concern (World Health Organization, 2020). This study aimed to evaluate bacterial diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns in water samples from various locations within Owo Metropolis. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate, characterize, and identify bacterial strains. Hemolytic activity was assessed to determine potential pathogenicity. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was calculated to evaluate the extent of resistance. Molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and plasmid curing, were employed to investigate the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance. A total of thirty-four (34) bacterial isolates were identified, with Bacillus spp. being the most prevalent. High bacterial counts were observed across all water samples. The isolates displayed varying levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics, with several strains harboring high-molecular-weight plasmids. Plasmid curing experiments indicated that antibiotic resistance in these isolates was plasmid mediated. These findings underscore the urgent need for effective water treatment and sanitation practices to reduce the risks associated with waterborne infections and antimicrobial resistance in Owo Metropolis.
Keywords: Surface and ground water, Microbial diversity, Antimicrobial resistance, Plasmid profile, Plasmid curing, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
The Role of Microbiota in Groundwater Ecosystems in the Biskra Region (Algeria): “Diversity, Functions, and Environmental Impacts”
NOUI Abderrahmane, Center for Scientific and Technical Research on Arid Regions, CRSTRA, BP 1640, Biskra, Algeria.
GUESBAYA Zineb, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Biskra, Algeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/15490638 | Page 01 to 12
The authors declare that no funding was received for this work.
Abstract
Microbiota, the diverse community of microorganisms inhabiting groundwater systems, play a crucial role in maintaining water quality, regulating biogeochemical cycles, and sustaining ecosystem stability. This paper explores the complex interactions between microbiota and groundwater, highlighting microbial diversity, ecological functions, and the impact of anthropogenic activities. The study focuses on the Biskra region, an arid and semi-arid area where groundwater is a critical resource for agriculture, industry, and human consumption.
Groundwater in Biskra hosts a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, each contributing to essential processes such as organic matter degradation, nutrient cycling, and pollutant breakdown. Using advanced molecular techniques, such as metagenomics and high-throughput sequencing, this study examines microbial populations and their roles in biodegradation, denitrification, and pathogen suppression. Findings indicate that microbial communities naturally contribute to water purification, yet they are highly sensitive to external disturbances, particularly in regions with intensive agricultural and industrial activities like Biskra.
Anthropogenic activities, including industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, and urban development, introduce contaminants that can disrupt microbial communities, alter ecosystem functions, and degrade water quality. Heavy metals, excessive nutrients, and hazardous chemicals can lead to microbial imbalances, reducing the natural capacity of groundwater systems to self-purify. Understanding these microbial dynamics is essential for developing sustainable groundwater management strategies, especially in water-scarce regions.
This paper emphasizes the need to integrate microbial ecology into groundwater conservation efforts. By combining microbiological insights with hydrogeological assessments, effective policies can be designed to protect groundwater resources. Strategies should focus on preserving microbial diversity, enhancing bioremediation processes, and implementing measures to minimize contamination. Recognizing the fundamental role of microbiota in groundwater ecosystems is critical for ensuring the long-term sustainability of this essential water resource, particularly in vulnerable regions such as Biskra.
Keywords: Microbiota, Groundwater, Biogeochemical Cycles, Contamination, Bioremediation.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
