Integrating the Brief Mental State Examination with the General Physical Examination: A Practical Framework for Holistic Clinical Care
Yakubu Anas Ibrahim, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Abdullahi Ibrahim, Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kware, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Baguda Suleiman Abubakar, Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kware, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20116392 | Page 01 to 08
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders among patients with physical or general medical conditions are a frequent occurrence; however, they are seldom recognized in non-psychiatric consultations, especially in low and middle-income countries. Globally, the point prevalence of mental disorders is one in eight, with a substantially higher rate among people diagnosed with general medical conditions. Diagnostic oversight of these comorbid mental health conditions can have devastating consequences, including difficulty adhering to treatment, diagnostic delays, higher health care utilization, and higher morbidity and mortality. This manuscript contends for a brief mental state examination to be routinely integrated into the general physical examination conducted by all physicians. An ultra-short and simplified four-item screening psychometric tool for the mood, orientation, and psychotic symptoms is advocated for as a possible assessment framework that can be integrated into the general clinical practice without rigorous specialist psychiatric training.
Integrating a brief mental state examination as part of physical examination will promote comprehensive care, facilitate prompt detection, and timely referral. This form of clinical practice has the potential to better affirm the definition of the World Health Organization about health as a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Keywords: Mental health, Physical health, Health, WHO, Brief Mental State Examination
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THE CARDIAC DIMENSIONS USING CTR AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DOMINANT BODY SOMATOTYPES
Aloysius Onuabuchi Ogoke, Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Anthony. C. Ugwu, Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Daniel. C. Ugwuanyi, Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Michael Promise Ogolodom, Department of Radiography, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Sharonrose Ogochukwu Nwadike, Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Victor Kelechi Nwodo, Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Emeka Ifedi Emedike, Radiology Department, University on the Niger, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20092754 | Page 01 to 26
Abstract
Background: Echocardiography and chest radiography are two common imaging modalities for measuring the size of the heart in low resource environment and on bedsides. This study was designed to determine cardiac dimensions using chest and echocardiographic parameters in individuals with dominant body somatotypes in apparently healthy subjects in selected centers in Anambra State.
Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in some selected healthcare facilities that have X-rays and Echocargiography machines in Nnewi and Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Standard protocols for Chest X-rays and Echocardiography were adopted for the examinations and data such as demographic variables (age, gender), body mass index (BMI), cardiac dimensions and somatotype of the participants were recorded for analysis.
Results: Interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd) was similar across groups, with mean values of 8.91 ± 1.51 mm in ectomorphs, 9.07 ± 1.51 mm in endomorphs, and8.73 ± 1.19 mm in mesomorphs. Posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWDd) showed minimal differences among somatotypes, with mean values of 9.73 ± 1.22 mm in ectomorphs, 9.69 ± 1.39 mm in endomorphs, and 9.56 ± 1.19 mm in mesomorphs. In systole (LVPWDs), endomorphs demonstrated slightly higher values (10.56 ± 1.01 mm) compared with ectomorphs (10.50 ± 1.28 mm) and mesomorphs (10.16 ± 1.21 mm). There were significant differences for right ventricular diameter in diastole (RVDd), F(2, 207) = 24.89, p < .001, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), F(2, 207) = 12.95, p < .001 and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), F(2, 207) = 9.85, p < .001. Conclusion: Cardiac dimensions across mesomorph, endomorph, and ectomorph somatotypes indicates significant differences for right ventricular diameter in diastole (RVDd), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR).
Keywords: Body mass index, Chest, Echocardiography
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
A Comprehensive Review on the Pharmacological Mechanisms and Applications of Ganoderma lucidum Active Components in Modern Medicine
Kun-Yuan Hong, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tzu-Hou Hong, Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Hsin-Hui Wu, Department of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20064371 | Page 01 to 08
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) has been utilized as a traditional medicinal fungus in East Asia for thousands of years. Modern scientific investigations have confirmed that G. lucidum contains a wealth of bioactive components, primarily polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and sterols. These constituents exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral effects, particularly against COVID-19. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the chemical properties, extraction technologies (such as ultrasound-assisted extraction), and molecular mechanisms, focusing on the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, its applications in neuroprotection (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) and metabolic regulation are discussed. Finally, artificial cultivation techniques are summarized to provide a reference for the industrial development and medical application of G. lucidum. (152 words)
Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum, Polysaccharides, Triterpenoids, Immunomodulation, COVID-19
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
