CHINESE LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN TANZANIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Hemedi Ally Mbalu, Zhejiang Normal University, P.R. China;The University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
Kessy Fraterin Marki, Zhejiang Normal University, P.R. China;The University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19648181 | Page 01 to 42
Abstract
This study examines the empirical relationship between Chinese language proficiency and employment outcomes in Tanzania using a cross‑sectional quantitative design based on a survey of 154 valid respondents. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS Version 28, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and binary logistic regression. No qualitative methods were employed.
Descriptive findings show moderately high self‑assessed proficiency, with listening (M = 3.91) strongest, followed by speaking (M = 3.80), reading (M = 3.54), and writing (M = 3.43). Over 80% of respondents rated Chinese language skills as very or extremely helpful for job acquisition (mean = 4.15). Statistical results confirm strong positive associations between proficiency levels and formal employment, stable contracts, higher income brackets, and perceived career advantage. Regression models further indicate that Chinese proficiency significantly predicts monthly income and formal employment likelihood, independent of education, age, gender, work experience, and sector.
Quantitative analysis also identifies systemic constraints, including limited access to HSK certification, uneven learning resources, skill mismatches between general training and sectoral demands, and inconsistent employer recognition of language credentials.
The study concludes that Chinese language proficiency represents valuable and measurable human capital in Tanzania’s labor market, strongly enhancing employability, job quality, and economic returns. However, structural barriers in education, assessment, and labor‑market matching limit equitable skill utilization. Policy recommendations focus on standardized national frameworks, expanded certification access, employer‑led curriculum alignment, and improved labor‑market matching systems.
Keywords: Chinese language proficiency; employment opportunities; labor market outcomes; human capital theory; China-Tanzanian relations
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Analysis of the Legal Regime for Consumer Complaints in Nigeria
Dr. K.B. Akanle, Faculty of Law, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.
Eunice-kay Oyewumi Adeusi, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti (FUOYE), Ekiti State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19589562 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
The rapid expansion of commercial activities, technological advancement, and increased consumer participation in Nigeria’s marketplace have significantly heightened the incidence of customer and consumer complaints. Consumers frequently encounter unfair trade practices, defective goods, poor service delivery, misleading representations, and breaches of contractual obligations. These developments underscore the necessity for an effective and responsive legal framework to protect consumer interests and ensure accountability in commercial transactions.
This paper aims to examine the legal regime governing customer and consumer complaints in Nigeria. The objectives are to analyze the statutory framework for consumer protection under Nigerian law, particularly the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018; to assess the roles of regulatory institutions such as the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission and sector-specific regulators; and to evaluate the mechanisms available for resolving consumer complaints, including administrative, judicial, and alternative dispute resolution processes. Examining the administrative and operational difficulties as well as the challenges and prospects of competition and consumer protection law can help policy makers address the numerous difficulties accompanying the implementation of competition policies.
This paper adopts a doctrinal research methodology, relying primarily on the analysis of statutory provisions, judicial decisions, regulatory guidelines, and relevant academic literature. Secondary sources such as textbooks, journal articles, law reports, and policy documents are examined to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal principles governing consumer protection and complaint resolution in Nigeria.
This research finds that while Nigeria possesses a comprehensive legal framework for consumer protection, enforcement challenges persist due to low consumer awareness, regulatory constraints, delays in dispute resolution, and imbalance of bargaining power between consumers and service providers. This research concludes that effective implementation of competition law in Nigeria will help protect consumers and create a conducive environment for economic growth, development and protection of consumers from anti-competitive practices. It concludes that strengthening institutional efficiency, enhancing consumer education, and promoting alternative dispute resolution mechanisms are essential for improving the effectiveness of the legal regime for customer and consumer complaints in Nigeria.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
FOOD SAFETY LAW IN SELECTED COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD: LESSONS FOR VIETNAM TO ENHANCE THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CURRENT BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
Ho Xuan Thang, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19589106 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
In the context of increasingly deep international economic integration, food safety has become one of Vietnam’s top priorities. Ensuring food safety is not only related to public health but also directly affects the reputation and competitiveness of Vietnamese agricultural products in the international market. In order to improve the effectiveness of food safety management and better protect human rights, the amendment and supplementation of the Law on Food Safety (adopted by the 12th National Assembly in 2010 and effective from July 1, 2011) requires learning from the experiences of developed countries, which is both important and urgent. This article focuses on analyzing the experiences of several countries in the Americas, Europe, and Asia in managing food safety, particularly in terms of legal frameworks, support policies, institutional structures, and inspection and supervision measures. Based on this analysis, practical lessons are drawn for Vietnam in enhancing the protection of human rights in the field of food safety.
Keywords: Food safety; human rights protection; international experience; Vietnam.
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ENHANCING LEGAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: REFLECTIONS ON COMPULSORY PARTICIPATION OF LAW TEACHERS IN STUDENT ADVOCACY PROGRAMMES AND THE IMPERATIVE FOR CURRICULUM INTEGRATION
Dr. Nasiru Mukhtar, FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA.
Ofure Bethel Inedia, FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19493946 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
Developing an integrated model that would make it compulsory for teachers to participate in law students’ moot court and other advocacy activities have become imperative due to growing need of active teacher supervision in students practical and mentoring. The challenge however has been the method of mainstreaming appropriate compensation for teachers as that will require extra workload. Drawing on the University of Abuja’s experiences in Clinical Legal Education (CLE), this paper argues that compulsory teacher participation in advocacy programmes is both an educational and professional necessity. It examines how CLE transforms legal educators into practitioner-mentors, enriches students’ practical learning, and enhances faculty development through global collaborations. Using the University of Abuja’s model, anchored on faculty ownership, curriculum integration, and experiential learning, the paper highlights how such reforms nurture competent, ethical, and globally competitive graduates. It concludes that while conservatism and institutional inertia still challenge Nigeria’s legal education, systemic curriculum redesign for knowledge, skills, and values remains the most sustainable route to transforming both the law teacher and the future of legal education in Nigeria.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Distinctive Features of Japanese Buddhism in the Heian Period under the Influence of Chinese Buddhism
Tran Thi Thu Hien, Faculty of foreign languages, Nguyen Tat Thanh University.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19499647 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
Buddhism during the Heian period underwent significant transformations in the history of Japanese Buddhism. Under the influence of Emperor Kanmu’s religious policies, Buddhism in Japan experienced remarkable development. During this period, Japanese Buddhism was profoundly shaped by Chinese Buddhism in terms of sects, doctrines, and scriptures. Through their journeys to China, the monks Saichō and Kūkai founded two major Buddhist schools in Japan-Tendai and Shingon-which attracted a large number of followers across the country. Moreover, Heian-period Buddhism permeated deeply into the spiritual life and cultural consciousness of the Japanese people, influencing their lifestyles, customs, festivals, and moral conduct. Buddhism became a crucial component of Japan’s medieval cultural structure and functioned as a spiritual instrument of the ruling class. Its core values contributed to shaping the personality and character of the Japanese people, forming the spiritual foundation of the nation. The introduction of Buddhism from China enriched and diversified Japan’s spiritual life. The syncretism between Shinto and Buddhism further created distinctive features in the cultural and spiritual life of medieval Japan.
Keywords: Buddhism, history, politics, culture, society.
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
