CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE: THE PANACEA FOR EXCESSIVE AND RIGID COPYRIGHT PROTECTION
George R.C. Ibekwe, Deputy Director Academics, Nigerian Law School.
Thomas O. Okaba, D.L., LL. B. (Abuja) B. L, LL. M. (Keffi) Nigerian Law School, Lagos, Campus.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20373662 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Copyright law evolved to provide incentives to owners of creative works by granting them limited monopoly over their works and protecting same for a period of time. However, the introduction of copyright over creative works and its subsequent excessive and rigid regime has cause restrictive access to knowledge and information and has consequently lead to ownership and commercialization of knowledge. This has not only limited the right to freedom of expression and access to knowledge, but has also inhibited innovation and development globally. This circumstance gave birth to Creative Commons which came with the goal of helping the knowledge-seeking global citizens to have access to copyrighted works with little or no restrictions using Creative Commons Licence as a legal tool. This work employed the doctrinal methodology and ex-rayed Creative Commons Licence as a Panacea for Excessive and Rigid Copyright protection. It found that copyright protection turned out excessive and rigid thereby inhibits creativity, access to knowledge and information, educational and research materials. It recommended inter alia that copyright owners should embrace and utilise the Creative Commons Licence window to allow people have access to their works with little or no restrictions and that amendments to Copyright enactments aimed at demystifying the strong and rigid copyright protection be made.
Keywords: Creative Commons, Creative Commons Licences, Copyright, Excessive, Rigid protection.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Freezing and Deduction of Funds in Bank Accounts for Civil Judgment Enforcement: Current Legal Framework, Practical Implementation, and Directions for Improvement
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Giao, M. A., Ngoc Viet Law Firm, Trai Gang Alley, Residential Group 43, Thanh Nhan Ward, Hanoi City, Vietnam.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20313445 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
Freezing and deduction of funds in bank accounts are among the most crucial and effective coercive measures in civil judgment enforcement in Vietnam, particularly in the context of the digital economy and the national digital transformation agenda toward 2026. These measures play a significant role in safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of judgment creditors, maintaining legal order, and strengthening public confidence in the socialist rule-of-law State of Vietnam.
This article analyzes the current legal framework following Consolidated Documents No. 10/VBHN-VPQH dated February 24, 2025 and No. 115/VBHN-VPQH dated August 27, 2025 consolidating the Law on Civil Judgment Enforcement No. 26/2008/QH12 as amended up to Law No. 106/2025/QH15, with particular emphasis on Article 67 concerning account freezing and Article 76 regarding deduction of funds from bank accounts. The author evaluates the practical implementation during the period 2022–2025, highlighting significant achievements resulting from the Digital Civil Judgment Enforcement Platform integrated with banking, treasury, and notarization systems. At the same time, the article identifies several shortcomings, including delays in coordination among credit institutions, difficulties in asset valuation, inconsistent handling of digital assets, overlapping freezing measures with criminal proceedings, and disparities in enforcement effectiveness among localities.
Based on these findings, the article proposes comprehensive solutions in three dimensions: (i) improving laws and subordinate regulations to provide specific provisions on freezing digital assets, applying flexible freezing measures proportionate to enforcement obligations, recognizing electronic documents, and strengthening sanctions for violations; (ii) enhancing implementation mechanisms through further development of the Digital Civil Judgment Enforcement Platform, professional training for enforcement officers, and the issuance of an inter-ministerial circular among the Ministry of Justice, the State Bank of Vietnam, and the Ministry of Public Security; and (iii) ensuring a balance between enforcement effectiveness and the protection of human rights in accordance with the 2013 Constitution.
The study contributes to concretizing the orientations of the 13th and 14th National Congresses of the Communist Party of Vietnam concerning the modernization and digital transformation of civil judgment enforcement, thereby improving enforcement efficiency and promoting human rights protection within the socialist rule-of-law State of Vietnam.
Keywords: account freezing, deduction of funds, civil judgment enforcement, digital transformation, legal framework
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
The metaphor of Deborah Yakubu: re-examining the boundaries for safeguarding religious freedom in Nigeria.
Emeka Cyprian Adibe, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20281101 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
This article critically re-examines the legal and social framework governing religious freedom in Nigeria through the lens of the 2022 lynching of Deborah Yakubu, a student at Shehu Shagari College of Education. By positioning Yakubu’s death not merely as an isolated act of mob violence but as a metaphor for the systemic fragility of constitutional protections, the study explores the intensifying friction between secular law and religious sensitivities.
The analysis focuses on three primary dimensions:
The Conflict of Jurisdictions: The tension between the Nigerian Constitution’s guarantee of fundamental rights and the practical application of Sharia-influenced penal codes in Northern Nigeria.
The Blasphemy Paradox: How the lack of a clear, uniform legal definition for “blasphemy” creates a vacuum where extrajudicial violence is often rationalized by communal religious norms.
The State’s Failure to Protect: An assessment of the judicial and executive responses to the incident, highlighting a pattern of “soft” enforcement that inadvertently emboldens future vigilante actions.
Ultimately, the article argues that safeguarding religious freedom in Nigeria requires more than legislative reform; it demands a fundamental re-negotiation of the boundaries between individual expression and communal piety. The study concludes that unless the Nigerian state asserts its role as the primary arbiter of justice over religious mobs, the “metaphor of Deborah Yakubu” will continue to represent a darkening horizon for human rights and national stability.
Keywords: Human Rights, Freedom of expression, Hate Speech , Criminal law and Fundamental freedoms
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Students’ Readiness for Online and Hybrid English Learning at Nguyen Tat Thanh University
Nguyen Minh Thien, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Nguyen Sy Loc, Nguyen Sy Loc, To Ky Secondary School, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20292159 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The current study explores the readiness of learners towards online and blended English language learning at Nguyen Tat Thanh Univeristy (NTTU) in the context of fast digitalization within higher education institutions. The mixed method approach was used to conduct research through the administration of questionnaires and semistructured interviews with undergraduate students. The results of the current study indicated that the overall level of student readiness towards online and blended learning was quite satisfactory due to the high degree of technical competence and motivation. At the same time, some problems connected with self-regulation, communication, and time management appeared. Internet availability, support from teachers, and digital literacy had a great impact on the students’ readiness for learning.
Keywords: online learning readiness, hybrid learning, English language learning, EFL students, digital education, Vietnamese higher education.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Exploring the Motivations Behind Societal Destruction in Major Gothic Novels: A Comparative Analysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Dracula, and Frankenstein
Mojdeh Mirzaee, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20047339 | Page 01 to 09
Abstract
Abstract
This article investigates the motivations behind societal destruction as illustrated in three major Gothic novels: *Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde* by Robert Louis Stevenson, *Dracula* by Bram Stoker, and *Frankenstein* by Mary Shelley. Applying a comparative analysis, the paper studies how each narrative mirrors the concerns of its era, representing deep-seated fears related to identity, morality, and the consequences of unchecked ambition. In *Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde*, the duality of human nature is used as a metaphor for societal decay, while *Dracula* exhibits Victorian fears of invasion and the ‘Other.’ On the other hand, *Frankenstein* criticizes the ethical implications of scientific progress and its potential to destroy social order. By analyzing these texts, this article highlights common themes of alienation, ethical neglect, and existential dread, finally contending that these Gothic narratives not only reflect historical concerns but also resonate with contemporary issues regarding technological progress and moral responsibility.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Weaponized AI: The Rise of Robots and Drones in Modern Terrorism
Dr. S. Rajalakshmi, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Administration, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University.
MSI Journal of Arts, Law and Justice (MSIJALJ) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19982135 | Page 01 to 22
Abstract
We are witnessing profound changes in warfare in the current era, particularly with the adoption of robots and drones. As instruments of conflict, they transform the social space where interlocutors interact with each other. The power imbalance between states and non-state actors has significantly diminished due to the fact that terrorists have rapidly integrated drone systems and robots into their operations. This has been made possible through the commercialization of warfare and the liberalization of weapons technology. Terrorist groups have adopted these techniques, leading to threats in several Middle Eastern and African countries. The use of drones has transformed counterterrorism strategies and tactics worldwide, raising serious ethical and legal concerns. Efforts have been made at the international level to regulate the transfer of drone technology, and countries are working to radically change their response strategies against terrorism. Their current objective is to develop defensive and preventive measures to combat terrorism.
Keywords: Drones, Post-Human Wars, Drone Warfare, Anti-Drone Measures, Ethical Concerns.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.