Bridging the Digital Divide: Equity and Access Challenges in Blended Learning at the Tertiary Level in Bangladesh
Sadia Sultana, Assistant Professor Department of English Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah University Khulna, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20092616 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
Blended learning has revolutionized the way teaching in tertiary education is done in all parts of the world, not an exception in Bangladesh. Nonetheless, the effective execution of blended learning is still highly influenced by the digital divide, specifically in regard to access, equity, and engagement. This paper looks into the technological obstacles of university students in Bangladesh, the rural-urban gap, the influence of socioeconomic background on participation, and policy suggestions to develop inclusive blended learning. Under the Digital Divide Theory, the research will take a mixed approach using quantitative data of 100 students in both public and private universities and qualitative data via semi-structured interviews. Statistical examination using SPSS and thematic analysis show that disparities in access to the internet and devices, inadequate digital literacy, and financial limitations have a major impact on continuity of learning for students. The results also show disproportionate disadvantage of rural students as opposed to their urban counterparts. The paper holds that blended learning in the absence of institutional and national interventions can enhance educational disparities. Lastly, the article suggests a framework of sustainable blended learning that is equity-based in the tertiary sector of Bangladesh.
Keywords: Blended Learning, Digital Divide, Higher Education, Learner Autonomy, Pedagogy
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A Comprehensive Review on the Bioactivity of Monoterpenes in Essential Oils: Systematic Insights into Pharmacological Potentials
Tzu-Hou Hong, Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Hsin-Hui Wu, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan.
Kun-Yuan Hong, Department of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20062622 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
This review explores the diverse bioactivities of monoterpenes found in essential oils, focusing on their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. Monoterpenes are natural compounds found in plants that offer significant benefits to human health. Using a systematic screening approach inspired by PRISMA guidelines, this paper synthesizes findings from 50 scientific studies published over the past decade to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and identify future research directions. The synthesis highlights the potential of these compounds as potent natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, particularly in their protective roles against various chronic diseases. Our findings demonstrate that these natural plant-derived molecules offer valuable insights for the development of novel natural medicines and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, the review underscores the importance of monoterpenes in enhancing strategies for food safety and preservation, reflecting their dual utility in both clinical medicine and the agroindustry. Ultimately, this systematic evaluation confirms that monoterpenes possess significant pharmacological potential, making them ideal candidates for drug development and sustainable natural health solutions.
Keywords: Monoterpenes; Essential oils; Bioactivity; Antioxidant; Systematic review
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ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCEAND THE NEED FOR THE GLOBAL HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK
Ariba Dar, 5th Year Law Student, PULC, University of Punjab, Lahore.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20047251 | Page 01 to 29
Abstract
Various forms of AI technology, most notably in surveillance applications, are crucial in the transformation of societies across the globe, creating significant and complex challenges for human rights. State and non-state actors utilise AI-enhanced surveillance technologies, in the form of facial recognition software and predictive analytics, to monitor individuals with little or no legal protections. This system violates different rights like right to privacy, freedom of expression and other rights. The paper critically addresses the crossroads of the AI-based surveillance and the international human rights law and discusses why a cohesive global system, based on the notion of cross-border solidarity should be established. Civil society and international mechanisms are advocating an integrated international system of governance of AI. As an example, the 2021 Recommendation on the Ethics of AI by (UNESCO) adopted by 193 countries expressly forbids mass surveillance via AI and points to data protection and individual rights. Equally, the new Framework Convention of the Council of Europe provides a binding set of regulations to guarantee that AI systems comply with human rights and democracy and the rule of law. By using the comparative case studies of the facial-recognition infrastructure in China or predictive policing in the United States and data privacy regimes in the European Union, the paper finds the most significant areas in which AI surveillance violates privacy, freedom of expression, equality and autonomy. The research claims that it is only a consistent, universal human rights system constructed on international solidarities that can be sufficient to ensure human security in the era of AI surveillance. There is an urgent need of such a mechanism that serves humanity and protect its fundamental freedom. Different proposals and recommendations have been given for the development of Global Human Rights Framework.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, surveillance, human rights, global governance, international solidarity
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EFFECTS OF VARIETIES AND PHOSPHORUS RATES ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L) Merrill) IN GOMBE SUDAN SAVANNA
Haruna P., Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa department of Agricultural Technology.
Ali B.A, Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa department of Agricultural Technology.
Yusuf, R., Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa department of Agricultural Technology.
Yunusa, A., Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa department of Agricultural Technology.
Pudza J.Y., Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa department of Agricultural Technology.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/20047129 | Page 01 to 28
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted during the 2023 rainy season at Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University of Kashere (Latitude 90 54’ 46’’N, Longitude 110 0’ 27’’E at 431 m above the sea level) Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State and at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal College of Horticulture Dadinkowa, Yamaltu-Deba Local Government Area, Gombe State, Latitude 100 18’E and Longitude 11030 N and altitude of 218m above sea level. The treatments consisted of two varieties of soybean (TGX-1951 and TGX1448-2E) and four phosphorus rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha), these were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Results of the study showed that soybean variety TGX1448-2E and 60 kg/ha of phosphorus rate significantly gave higher pod yield over TGX-1951 and the other phosphorus rates. The control treatment of no phosphorus applied significantly gave lower pod yield in this study. TGX1448-2E and phosphorus rate of 60 kg/ha should be used by farmers who grow soybean based from their performances in terms of pod yield from the study areas.
Keywords: Phosphorus, Rate, Soybean, Growth and Yield
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Optimizing Substation Grounding Design in High-Resistivity Arid Terrains: A Multi-Regional Geoelectric Analysis and Mitigation Framework
Abdul A. Koroma Ph. D, Senior Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, FBC, USL, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
James Macfoy, Senior Engineer, Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority (EDSA) Freetown, Sierra Leone.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19940304 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
Abstract
Substation grounding in geologically complex environments is a critical safety requirement that is often compromised by high surface soil resistivity. This study evaluates the efficacy of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) in ensuring compliance with IEEE 80-2013 safety standards across five distinct geoclimatic zones: Tajikistan (Aeolian), Kuwait and Iraq (Alluvial/Marine), Niger (Crystalline Basement), and Saudi Arabia (Arabian Shield). Integrating field data from 62 VES stations using the Schlumberger array, 1D geoelectric models were developed to map deep conductive horizons up to 80m. The study utilizes the Reflection Factor (K) and surface resistivity (ƥ) to assess the efficiency of fault dissipation in both shallow and deep soil strata.
Computational analysis identifies a “High-Resistivity Hazard Zone” in Saudi Arabia and Niger, where resistivity routinely exceeds 800 Ὠm. In these regions, standard horizontal grounding grids result in system resistances (Rg) of 4.5 – 12.0 Ὠm, fundamentally failing the 1.0 Ὠm industrial safety threshold and significantly elevating Step and Touch potential risks. Conversely, saline basins in Iraq and Kuwait exhibit exceptional conductivity (< 15 Ὠm) but introduce a “Corrosion-Conductivity Paradox,” where low resistance is counterbalanced by high galvanic corrosion rates.The findings are synthesized into a Hybrid Grounding Design Framework and a tripartite Compliance Matrix. We demonstrate that for high-resistivity sites (K<0), Deep Grounding Wells (>50m) are the only viable solution to reach stable moisture zones. For saline environments, the focus must shift from resistance reduction to material durability (e.g., tinned copper). This multi-regional approach provides a validated, non-invasive methodology for optimizing substation grounding safety in the world’s most challenging geological terrains.
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