AFRICAN PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT ABOUT WITCHCRAFT AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE CHURCH IN AFRICA
Oluwadahunsi Oluwatoyin OLOYEDE, Ph.D. Student of the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17485606 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
This paper explores African philosophical perspectives on witchcraft, examining the profound consequences of these beliefs for the Christian church on the continent. The research investigates the perceived reality and cultural comprehension of witchcraft, noting that a prevalent traditional viewpoint in Africa attributes virtually any personal misfortune to its operations. Consequently, the church in Africa identifies witchcraft as a primary spiritual challenge it must confront. This belief system has significantly eroded unity and love within families, the foundational units of the church. The church’s mission has also been adversely affected, as many congregations that should be vibrant are instead rendered stagnant. Manipulation is identified as the principal mechanism of witchcraft, an activity that has successfully permeated individual lives, families, and the church at large. The core focus of this manipulation is to weaken the church’s spiritual vitality. Witchcraft has historically served as an explanatory framework for natural catastrophes and personal calamities, a tool for social maneuvering by accusing others, and a method for imparting moral instruction.
Keywords: African Philosophy, Witchcraft, African Christianity, Spiritual Warfare, Ecclesiology.
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Shifting from Theory to Practice: Effective Instructional Design and Learning Material Production
Chukwuemeka, Emeka Joshua, Ph. D, Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17454001 | Page 01 to 26
Abstract
This article investigates the synthesis of learning and instructional theories within the manufacturing process of efficacious learning and instructional resources, a critical endeavor in the current, dynamic educational environment. The discussion highlights the movement toward empirically supported methodologies and the evolution of the educator’s function into that of a proficient facilitator. Whereas learning theories (e.g., Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism) offer conceptual structures for comprehending the mechanisms of human learning, instructional theories provide direction on the methods to support this learning. The text posits instructional design as the methodical framework for converting these abstract tenets into tangible, impactful learning engagements and resources. This paper provides a detailed account of how principles from various learning theories shape the creation and development of assorted materials, from conventional text-based resources to interactive digital platforms, all customized to align with learner attributes and specific objectives. The importance of addressing practical constraints such as budget, requisite technical expertise, and user accessibility during the production phase is also emphasized. Conclusively, the purposeful integration of established theory into instructional design and material creation promotes individualized learning pathways, sharpens critical reasoning abilities, and elevates overall educational outcomes, thereby bridging the divide between abstract knowledge and its concrete application in the classroom.
Keywords: Pedagogical Theory, Instructional Systems Design, Theory-Practice Gap, Educational Material Development, Learning Frameworks.
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Establishing Economic Justice in Times of Inflation: Judicial Intervention in the Enforcement of Contracts
Zahirul Bashar, Legal Associate, MCLaw Services Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17421950 | Page 01 to 28
Abstract
This study examines how judicial intervention in contract enforcement can promote economic justice during periods of inflation. With reference to the pertinent case law of the Polish courts, this article presents an empirical perspective on the topic of judicial intervention in contract enforcement as a way to advance economic justice in inflationary times. Judicial responses to hardship due to inflation are analysed through core doctrines such as pacta sunt servanda, and frustration of contracts focusing on the Hon’ble Courts viers to balance contractual certainty and substantive justice by responding to market volatility. Based on the principles of welfare economics and social justice theory, the paper argues that economic justice is a constitutional imperative that is thoroughly judicial in nature. Inflation, it turns out, upsets the balance imposed by different contracts, and enforcing them rigidly is often economically unreasonable. It is here that the Hon’ble Courts of common law jurisdictions assumes a stabilizing position interpreting statutory clauses like Section 20, 56 and 70 of the Contract Act 1872 to allow for fairness within commercial certainty. This article arrives at the conclusion that there is a law–economy nexus which, so long as it is rooted in constitutional principles and is pragmatic in its application, can preserve market stability but protect distributive justice. It argues for judicial purposiveness as a means to reconcile contract law, with the moral and economic demands of justice in inflationary crises.
Keywords: Economic Justice, Inflation, Judicial Intervention, Contract Enforcement, Bangladesh Constitution.
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STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY AND RESILIENCE: A STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) IN TURBULENT MARKETS, GLENVIEW AREA 8, HARARE, ZIMBABWE
CHIBWE, FUNNY, REFORMED CHURCH UNIVERSITY LECTURER.
MAPANGA, TENDAI, JAMES, REFORMED CHURCH UNIVERSITY LECTURER.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17347608 | Page 01 to 26
Abstract
This paper examines the strategic flexibility and resilience of SMEs in turbulent markets, using Glenview Area 8, Harare, Zimbabwe as a case study. The paper reviewed literature on strategic flexibility, resilience and their relationship. Employing a mixed methods approach, this research investigates how SMEs perceive and respond to market turbulences and identifies effective strategies. A sample of 30 SMEs was drawn from the target population using purposive sampling method. The findings reveal that SMEs in Glenview area 8 employ adaptive strategies, leveraging dynamic capabilities and resource-based view theory. Key factors influencing strategy effectiveness include entrepreneurial orientation, innovation and networking were found to play a vital role in making the SMEs stay afloat. This study contributes to the understanding of SME resilience and strategic flexibility in turbulent markets, informing policy and practice for SME growth and economic development in Zimbabwe.
Keywords: Strategic flexibility, resilience, SMEs, Turbulent markets, Glenview Area 8.
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Between Washington and Beijing: The Middle East's Strategic Gambit
Artyom Papyan, 3rd Year BA International Relations, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism AMU Poznan, Poland.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17342880 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The strategic architecture of the Middle East is undergoing a fundamental reordering, marked by the decomposition of American hegemony and the emergence of a contested, multipolar landscape. This review analyzes this transition through a synthesized theoretical framework, integrating Hegemonic Stability Theory (HST) and Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT). It posits that the decline of U.S. primacy has not been succeeded by a new hegemon but has instead activated the region’s inherent security dynamics, transforming it into an increasingly autonomous subsystem. Within this space, global power diffusion intensifies latent regional rivalries. The analysis examines the consequences of U.S. retrenchment, China’s economically driven penetration, and the enhanced agency of regional powers particularly Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Israel in shaping diplomatic and security outcomes. It investigates key mechanisms of this transformation, including the discursive power of think tanks in securitization processes, the logic of Iran’s proxy warfare, the omnidirectional hedging of Gulf monarchies, and the rising stakes of digital sovereignty. The review concludes that the emerging order will be defined less by stable alliances and more by fluid economic partnerships, technological capability, and the adeptness of regional states in leveraging great power competition to advance their strategic autonomy.
Keywords: Middle East Geopolitics, Hegemonic Stability Theory, Regional Security Complex Theory, Strategic Hedging, Proxy Warfare, Digital Sovereignty, Belt and Road Initiative, Think Tanks, Cybersecurity
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Towards the Ideological Definition of Nigeria
Prof. Uji, Wilfred Terlumun, Department of History and International Studies Federal University of Lafia.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17341779 | Page 01 to 25
Abstract
Introduction: Nigeria was conceptualized as a colonial state following the Berlin Conference of 1886 that partitioned the nation as a colony of the British Empire
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THE PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF INVISIBILITY OF GOD: A SURVEY OF A MISUNDERSTOOD PHENOMENON
JEREMIAH OLALEKAN ADENIJI B. TH (Missiology); B. A. (Hons); M. A. Ph. D, DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17320623 | Page 01 to 29
Abstract
The Old and New Testaments appear to offer contradictory evidence as to whether God can be seen. The usual resolution is to defend the New Testament statements that God is invisible, and to somehow accommodate the Old Testament passages. This article brings together Sometimes-overlooked data to suggest that such an approach is unhelpful. We do better to allow the Old Testament statements that God can be seen, and to reconsider what the New Testament passages are trying to claim.
Keywords: Visibility, Invisibility, Theophany, Christophany
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ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IN UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD
Love Effiong Ebuk Ph. D, Department of Educational Management Faculty of Education University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Essien Edo Offiong, Department of Educational Management Faculty of Education University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17317979 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The study was on ethical leadership utilizing artificial intelligence for educational management: challenges and the way forward, in public senior secondary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. Two research questions were raised for the study. Survey research design was applied by the researchers to sample the representatives from the population. The population was 641 teachers in public senior secondary schools in Gwagwalada Area Council FCT, Abuja, Nigeria (from Secondary Education Board, 2015). The sample of the study was 400 teachers (to assess the principals) sampled through random sampling technique. The instrument for the study was validated by experts in the Department of Educational Management, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria. The reliability of the instrument was carried out by conducting a pilot study, test-retest method was used to collate data for analysis. The reliability coefficient index of 0.78 was obtained using Combrach alpha statistics. Mean statistics was used to analyse the research questions. The findings of the study proved that: the principals did not use ethical principles such as: transparency, accountability, inclusivity etcetera when adopting AI to manage secondary education; principals faced many problems with the use of AI and that they did not adopt any leadership strategies to enhance ethical use of AI for educational management in public senior secondary schools in Gwagwalada FCT, Abuja. Based on the findings of the study the researchers recommended that principals should as a matter of necessity adopt ethical principles when utilizing AI for educational management in public senior secondary schools in Gwagwalada, FCT, Abuja.
Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Artificial Intelligence, Educational Management, Ethical principals’ leadership strategies.
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CLASSICAL THEISM AND THE COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT
JEREMIAH OLALEKAN ADENIJI B. TH (Missiology); B. A. (Hons); M. A; Ph. D, DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17311411 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
This paper provides a critical examination of the cosmological argument for the existence of God within the framework of classical theism. It begins by outlining the standard version of the argument, particularly as formulated by Thomas Aquinas, focusing on the concepts of contingency, necessity, causality, and the ‘Unmoved Mover’. The argument posits that a contingent universe, characterized by motion and change, necessitates the existence of an independent, unchanging, and Necessary Being—God. The paper then pivots to a rigorous critique of this position, highlighting a fundamental dilemma: the Unmoved Mover of philosophy is incompatible with the personal, dynamic, and responsive God depicted in the Judeo-Christian scriptures. It argues that biblical portrayals of God show a being who is moved by human suffering, prayer, and repentance, thus exhibiting change and contingency. This scriptural evidence directly contradicts the philosophical requirement of absolute changelessness. The paper concludes that the cosmological argument, by insisting on an immutable God, ultimately fails to support the concept of a “living God” central to religious faith. It results in a philosophical abstraction rather than the personal deity of classical theism, leaving theists with an unresolved contradiction between their philosophical proofs and their theological commitments.
Keywords: Cosmological Argument, Classical Theism, Thomas Aquinas, Necessary Being, Contingency, Unmoved Mover, Changelessness, Philosophy of Religion.
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The Techniques of Hides and Skins Preservation -A Technical Manual
Teklay Asgedom teferi Ph. D, Manufacturing Industry Development Institute (MIDI); Leather and leather Products Industry Research Development Center (LLPIRDC), Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 5, Code 1058, Ethiopia.
Zewditu Alemu Bekele (BSc), Manufacturing Industry Development Institute (MIDI); Leather and leather Products Industry Research Development Center (LLPIRDC), Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 5, Code 1058, Ethiopia.
Hailemariam Tesfay Gidey (MSc), Manufacturing Industry Development Institute (MIDI); Leather and leather Products Industry Research Development Center (LLPIRDC), Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 5, Code 1058, Ethiopia.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17276716 | Page 01 to 38
Abstract
This document outlines the significant livestock resources of Ethiopia, which include one of the largest populations in Africa, notably ranking first in cattle. Despite this vast potential for producing hides and skins as essential raw materials for the leather industry, the actual recovery rate is low due to factors like local consumption and illegal trade. A key hindrance to producing quality leather is the improper preservation of hides and skins after slaughter and before tanning. Preservation is a critical treatment intended to protect these materials from bacterial putrefaction by reducing moisture content, thereby maintaining their quality until processing. However, it cannot improve the original quality of a hide. This technical manual provides a comprehensive and practical guide to the fundamental principles and modern practices of raw hide and skin preservation. The immediate and effective preservation of freshly flayed hides is a critical first step in the leather supply chain, directly determining the quality, value, and usability of the final leather product. It addresses the urgent need to prevent bacterial degradation, enzymatic attack, and putrefaction that begin immediately after slaughter. The manual systematically details the primary preservation methods, including salting (wet-salting and brine curing), drying, and the use of antiseptics. It provides step-by-step instructions, best practices for handling, folding, and grading, and emphasizes the importance of hygiene and infrastructure. Therefore, the objective of this technical manual is to provide key notes on proper preservation techniques to help stakeholders prevent deterioration and maintain quality.
Keywords: Hide, skin, quality, preservation, techniques
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Exposure to David Jones’s “Si Mba” Music Track on YouTube and Its Influence on COOU Undergraduate Students against Drug Abuse
Obiakor, Casmir Uchenna, Ph. D, Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus.
Onuorah, Adaeze Chidimma, Department of Mass Communication, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus.
Ifeachor, Stanley Onyebuchi, Department of Mass Communication, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17264538 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
Music has long been a tool for socialization, advocacy, and behavioral influence. With the rise of digital platforms, music tracks addressing social issues have gained widespread attention. David Jones’s “Si Mba” music track on YouTube is one such piece designed to discourage drug abuse among the youth. This study investigates the extent of exposure to the “Si Mba” music track by David Jones among COOU undergraduate students and the influence of such exposure on the respondents. The objectives that guided the work are to ascertain the frequency of exposure to David Jones “Si Mba” music track on YouTube by the respondents, assess their perception of the song, and evaluate its influence in shaping attitudes toward drug abuse. Social learning and Reception theories served as the theoretical framework underpinning this study. Survey research method served in this research with 17,257 COOU undergraduate students as the population of the study, which population was obtained from the office of the Registrar of the institution. Using Cozby’s table, a sample size of 370 respondents was selected. Findings revealed that a significant number of students have been exposed to “Si Mba” music track on YouTube and they acknowledge its strong anti-drug abuse message. The study also shows that digital platforms like YouTube are powerful tools for contents. However, the effectiveness of such messages depends on individual interpretation and pre-existing beliefs about drug use. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers, educators and media practitioners leverage digital platforms for anti-drug abuse campaigns. Further research is suggested to examine the long-term impact of music-based advocacy on students’ attitudes toward drug abuse and other social vices.
Keywords: Exposure, “Si Mba” music track, Drug abuse, YouTube, Media advocacy.
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Bridging Policy and Practice: An Examination of the Implementation of Play-based Learning in Rwandan Preschool Classrooms
Christine Osae, Unicaf University Zambia Plot 20842, Off Alick Nkhata Road (Opposite United Nations Headquarters), Longacres, Lusaka, Zambia.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17256067 | Page 01 to 25
Abstract
This research assesses the practical application of mandated play-based learning principles within preschool classrooms in Rwanda. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the study integrates qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with 10 educators, who were purposefully selected from 16 schools in the Gasabo District, and quantitative data from systematic observations of 54 preschool teachers. The results indicate a pronounced divergence between educational policy and classroom reality. A mere 28.4% of observed teacher-student interactions demonstrated the use of foundational play-based methods like scaffolding, open-ended questioning, and formative assessment. Despite the national curriculum’s official endorsement of theme-based, play-centered instruction, a significant number of teachers indicated that their lesson planning is motivated by regulatory compliance rather than a dedicated effort to improve instructional quality. The investigation pinpoints structural, institutional, and professional challenges as the principal obstacles to the successful adoption of play-based learning. Consequently, this paper puts forward recommendations for systemic reform, including the reinforcement of teacher preparation programs, the provision of targeted professional development, support for curriculum deconstruction, enhanced resource allocation, and the restructuring of accountability systems to focus on instructional excellence.
Keywords: Early Years Pedagogy, Policy Implementation Gap, Play-Based Learning, Rwandan Education, Teacher Training, Classroom Implementation Obstacles.
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