Government Policy Measures and Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria. An Assessment of National Climate Change Policy and Response Strategy.
Ebong, Itoro Bassey Ph. D, Department of Public Administration University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State.
Inyang, Aniedi Ene, Department of Political Science, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State.
Sampson, Obot Cosmas, Department of Public Administration University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17534908 | Page 01 to 29
Abstract
Environmental sustainability has become a global priority, prompting successive administrations in both developed and developing countries to prioritize climate preservation and ecosystem protection. Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 are some of the international measures aimed at addressing issues relating to climate change. Nigeria, as a major economy not only in Africa but global had also made efforts towards addressing climate change. At the federal and state levels, several initiatives have been implemented to address climate challenges posed by industrial activities and other human interventions, with the National Climate Change Policy and Response Strategy serving in facilitating environmental sustainability and checkmating climate change. There is, however, a doubt about effectiveness of this measure as so many Nigerians felt the negative effect of climate change. This study examined the effectiveness of Nigeria’s climate change policy in addressing environmental challenges. Specifically, it focused on the National Climate Change Policy and Response Strategy, initially introduced in 2012 and updated in 2021, aimed at mitigating climate-related issues. To achieve the study objective, the researchers employed a qualitative research design using document analysis as the primary data collection method, with thematic analysis applied to identify achievements and gaps. Findings revealed that while the policy contributed to the creation of climate governance structures, heightened awareness of climate risks, and integration of climate considerations into national planning, its overall impact was constrained by implementation challenges. The study proposed that effective climate governance in Nigeria requires stronger policy execution, enhanced inter-agency coordination, and increased investment in climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Keywords: Environmental governance, climate change policy, National Climate Change Policy and Response Strategy, environmental protection, policy assessment, climate adaptation, sustainability.
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Security Agencies and Election Management in Nigeria: A Study Of 2019 General Election in Akwa Ibom State
Chijioke Basil Onuoha, Faculty of Social Science University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State.
Udoh Godwin Aniedi, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social Science University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State.
Umachi Eze Victor, Abia State College of Education (Technical) Department of Political Science, School of Arts and Social Science.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17534796 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
This study examined the nexus between election security and democratic consolidation in Nigeria through a documentary, descriptive analysis of the 2019 Akwa Ibom State gubernatorial election. Grounded in the view that security underpins human development and democratic legitimacy, the research reviewed secondary sources INEC documents, observer reports, scholarly articles, and policy texts to assess how security institutions shape electoral credibility across the pre-election, election-day, and post-election phases. Findings show that while security agencies are constitutionally central to protecting voters, officials, materials, and procedures, multiple constraints undermined their effectiveness in 2019: ambiguous legal and operational mandates between agencies and the EMB; underfunding and uneven resource deployment; weak, slow, or fragmented inter-agency communication; outdated information and intelligence systems; political interference that compromised neutrality; skills gaps in de-escalation, crowd management, and cyber-related risks; inconsistent enforcement of electoral laws; limited coordination; and low transparency and accountability. These deficits enabled practices intimidation, vote-buying, and targeted violence that erode voter confidence and blunt democratic consolidation. The study concludes that credible elections in Nigeria depend not only on the presence of security personnel but on their professionalism, impartiality, and integration into a coherent, adequately financed, intelligence-led security architecture coordinated with INEC. It recommends clarifying legal roles and accountability lines; increasing timely, ring-fenced funding; modernizing communications and intelligence systems; instituting joint operations planning and exercises; expanding targeted training (rights-based policing, de-escalation, chain-of-custody, cyber hygiene); insulating deployments from partisanship; and strengthening transparent monitoring and after-action reviews. Implemented together, these measures can reduce electoral violence, improve public trust, and advance Nigeria’s democratic consolidation.
Keywords: Election Security, Democratic Consolidation, INEC, Nigeria Police Force, Structural Functionalism, Electoral Violence, Political Interference, Security Agencies, Governance.
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Environmental sustainability thinking 101: The environmental pollution production problem, global warming and dwarf green markets since 2012: Pointing out the energy future we need to construct and the one we need to avoid
Lucio Muñoz, Independent qualitative comparative researcher / consultant, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17534676 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
The road towards 2012 Rio + 20 was a road that was supposed to lead to the energy future we needed to build, a future towards a pollutionless world, but instead it led to a future we should have avoided, a future under ongoing dwarf green market failures. Perhaps this route was possible or it was allowed to go unchallenged because of green market paradigm shift knowledge gaps created when you shift from fully dirty economies to a fully clean economy, which hides possible transitions tools available and it makes more attractive, specially politically, to use no transition development tools; and by doing this we give a blessing of permanency to the market failures we are supposed to be trying to fix. Among the goals of this paper are: i) to show analytically and graphically, using the critical anthropocentric environmental problem-solving impossibility zone theory, how and why dwarf green market tools and thinking cannot be expected to fix the pollution production problem linked to traditional market thinking as pollution production continue to take place in the permanent environmental market failure under which they work; and ii) And then use this framework to point out the energy future we need to construct and the one we need to avoid.
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NEXUS OF FAITH AND REASON: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY OF EXISTENTIALISM AND THE CHRISTIAN FAITH
Clement O. Oyelakin, Ph. D, The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, PM.B. 4008, Ogbomoso.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17531401 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
People across various disciplines of human inquiry have been critical of the intricate nexus of faith and reason over the years. Usually, intense debates and controversies arise as humans tend to determine which concept qualifies as the final arbiter in answering life’s most compelling questions. Existentialism as a philosophical ideology emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice as formidable prerequisites for meaningful living. The Christian faith, on the other hand, anchors meaningful existence on a genuine relationship with God through faith in Jesus Christ. By isolating existentialism as a philosophical ideology that shares significant affinities and differences with the basic tenets of the Christian faith, the paper aims to explore the congruity and points of divergence between the two concepts. The paper posits that while contradictory principles of existentialism should trigger a concern among Christians, its compatible and relevant teachings with the Christian tenets on human existence should be embraced and imbibed.
Keywords: Christian Faith, Reason, Existentialism.
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EXPLORING TRIALS THROUGH DIVINE PERSPECTIVE IN 1 PETER 1:6-7 AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR CHRISTIAN LIVING
Olumide S. Olanrewaju, Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso.
Abel A. Alamu, Ph. D, Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17531072 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
Suffering is a perplexing reality which shows human vulnerability and complexity. This reality is reflected in the effects of suffering and how various observers have appropriated it in human history. One significant approach, especially by Christians to suffering, is using a divine perspective to appropriate it. In this regard, 1 Peter 1:6-7 offers this divine perspective, which reveals God’s transformative purposes in adversity. This paper analyses the Petrine text to reflect its crucial first-century message on contemporary twenty-first-century struggles. The study shows that God uses painful experiences (suffering) as a sacred refinement process rather than a meaningless hardship. The paper focuses on the ironic command to “rejoice while in grief”, a decidedly Christian approach to trials that acknowledges pain while affirming hope; the metallurgical metaphor of faith as “gold refined by fire”, which establishes suffering as a divine purification process with eternal significance; and the eschatological framework, which shows how present trials prepare believers for Christ’s return. The Greek terms δοκίμιον (proven genuineness) and πολυτιμότερον χρυσίου (more precious than gold) demonstrate the theological weight in Peter’s argument. The paper offers practical help to Christians and seekers facing contemporary adversity to recognise God’s sovereignty and purpose in suffering while they try to alleviate it. This recommendation neither minimises pain nor doubts God’s good purposes but instead sees suffering as a sacred pathway to spiritual maturity and future glory.
Keywords: suffering, refinement, trials, maturity.
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Bangladesh's Leadership in BIMSTEC: Strategic Pathways to IndoPacific Diplomacy
Md. Shihab Uddin, Centre for Local Governance Discourse – CLGD, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Anika Tabassum, IFIC Bank, Bangladesh.
Md. Zaki Faisal, Aspire to Innovate (a2i) Programme, ICT Division, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17530874 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
By taking the leadership in the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), Bangladesh is at a crucial moment in its regional and global diplomatic history. As the organization increasingly adapts to the emerging Indo-Pacific strategic order, Bangladesh’s two-year term presents both opportunities and challenges for advancing its national interests as well as fostering regional stability. This paper explores how Bangladesh could leverage its leadership capacity within BIMSTEC to enhance its diplomatic action and build strategic pathways toward the broader Indo-Pacific region. Employing a qualitative approach and drawing on an extensive secondary literature review, including the official websites of BIMSTEC and Bangladesh, policy papers, regional cooperation discourses, and newspapers, this article examines Bangladesh’s leadership across three interrelated aspects: regional governance, strategic diplomacy, and economic connectivity. This article argues that Bangladesh’s leadership will play an active role by focusing on shared growth, maritime security, and sustainable development in adherence with the tenets of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP). In addition, the study demonstrates how Bangladesh’s “Bay of Bengal diplomacy” complements its Indo-Pacific Outlook (IPO) and diversification of friendship beyond traditional powers. However, the study also proceeds structural limitations—institutional weaknesses within BIMSTEC, overlapping regional designs, and great-power rivalry—that may limit Bangladesh’s potential. However, the article concludes with a remark that Bangladesh’s BIMSTEC leadership offers a strategic window to project normative leadership, promote regional cohesion, and assert its voice in shaping an equitable Indo-Pacific order.
Keywords: Bangladesh, BIMSTEC, strategy, Indo-Pacific diplomacy, regional leadership, FOIP.
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
