ISOLATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM HOSPITAL REFUSE DUMP SITES
Oforbuike F.O., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Kyrian-Ogbonna E.A, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Orji E.U, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Mbachu, I.A.C, Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Oghonim, P.AN, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor P.M.B 2090, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.
Awari, V.G., Microbiology Department, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Anazodo, C.A, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Anene, C.C, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Anieto, E.C.*, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University on the Niger, KM-13, Onitsha-Enugu Express Way Umunya, Nigeria.
Imo K. I., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18080808 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
Hospital waste is a potential health hazard to health care workers. Wastes in dump sites with no proper waste handling method are a source of pathogens to the soil, which in turn contribute to the emergence of community acquired infections. Soil samples were collected from two different hospitals in Awka, Anambra State. This study isolated, identified and determined the antibiogram of genetic bacteria isolated from waste dump sites in some selected hospitals in Awka metropolis, Nigeria. The bacterial isolates were identified on the basis of standard cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Different bacterial species were isolated from the hospital waste dump soil. The bacterial isolates included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, and Psudeomonas aeruginosa. The isolates were resistant to these antibiotics like Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacan. The presence of resistant enteric pathogenic species at the various dump sites indicates poor management of antibiotic disposal in hospitals. Effective waste management practice should be put in place so as to control the wide spread of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment resulting to public health challenges.
Keywords: Escherichia Coli, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiogram, Hospital, Dumpsite
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Rare Type A Esophageal Atresia: Successful Neonatal Management with Awake Intubation
Andy Nugroho, Staff of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department Moewardi Hospital-Faculty of medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.
Bara Adithya, Staff of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department Moewardi Hospital-Faculty of medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.
Lutfy Hersri Rahmady, Resident of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Department Moewardi Hospital – Faculty of medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18030983 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by esophageal discontinuity. Type A EA, the rarest subtype, occurs in approximately 1% of cases and is not associated with a tracheoesophageal fistula, making its diagnosis and management particularly challenging. This report highlights the successful management of a neonate with Type A EA, complicated by neonatal pneumonia and congenital heart defects, using awake intubation. A 4-day-old neonate weighing 1715 grams presented with respiratory distress, hypersalivation, and failure to pass a nasogastric tube beyond 8 cm. Diagnostic imaging confirmed Type A EA, while echocardiography revealed ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Awake intubation was performed with ketamine induction and an uncuffed endotracheal tube to maintain spontaneous breathing and avoid airway collapse. Thoracotomy with primary esophageal anastomosis was successfully performed, despite two episodes of intraoperative desaturation, which were resolved by repositioning the head and re-evaluating the tube. Postoperative analgesia was managed with Fentanyl, and the patient showed stable recovery in the NICU. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and precise airway management for Type A EA. Awake intubation proved to be a safe and effective approach, ensuring optimal surgical outcomes.
Keywords: Esophageal atresia, Type A, Awake intubation, Neonate, Airway management
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Generic Obeticholic Acid for Management of Fatty Liver - A Prospective, Real-Life Study from Bangladesh
Rokshana Begum, Department of Hepatology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ahmed Lutful Moben, Department of Hepatology, Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sheikh Mohammad Noor E Alam, Department of Hepatology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md. Abdur Rahim, Department of Hepatology, International Medical College, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Sheikh Zahir Raihan, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sakirul Khan, Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Clinical Research Organization Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Manas Saha, Department of Hepatology, Khulna Medical College, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Md. Rezwanur Rahman, National Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Musarrat Mahtab, Clinical Research Organization Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan; Clinical Research Organization Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh; Miyakawa Memorial Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
Mamun Al Mahtab, Department of Hepatology, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17962328 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
Introduction: Fatty liver has become a pandemic with potential of progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Till date lifestyle modification remains the mainstay of management of fatty liver.
Materials & Methods: We included 68 fatty liver patients in this prospective, real-life study. They were randomized into two groups. One group (case group’) included 48 patients who were prescribed generic obeticholic acid 20 mg orally, daily plus lifestyle modification. The other group (control’) included 20 fatty liver patients. They were advised only lifestyle modification. Patients were followed up at 6 months. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspertate aminotransferase levels, in addition to ultrasonography of hepatobiliary system and fibroscan were done at baseline and at 6 months.
Results: We observed significant reduction in hepatic fat content in the case group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our real-life study shows promising results with generic obeticholic acid in fatty liver management. Larger clinical trials in the future will be needed to validate our findings.
Keywords: Fatty liver, obeticholic acid, generic, hepatic fat content, hepatic fibrosis
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Mechanistic Insights, Interventions, Challenges, and Innovations in Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Umar. A. I., Department of Chemical Pathology & Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin,
Jidda, M.L, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Bunza J.M, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Dallatu M.K., Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Ngaski A.A, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Aliyu K. B, Department of Chemical Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Rufai, M. A., Kebbi State Ministry of Health.
Maryam Kasimu, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Kwaifa, I. K, Department of Hematology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Ogunwale K.A.T, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Yusuf H.D., Nigeria, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Giwa J.I., Nigeria Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Oladele B.S., Department of Biochemical Science, University of Salford Manchester,United Kingdom.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17961557 | Page 01 to 40
Abstract
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly linked to the dysregulation of the gut microbiome, a crucial component of the host’s metabolic health. Evidence regarding the compositional and functional changes of the gut microbiome in T2DM is compiled in this semi-systematic review. These changes include decreased microbial diversity, an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and a decrease in the number of beneficial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. We elucidate the mechanistic pathways linking dysbiosis to T2DM, including raised intestinal permeability and ensuing systemic inflammation via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, impaired SCFA signalling affecting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and insulin sensitivity, and dysregulated bile acid metabolism. Furthermore, we explore how these microbial disturbances activate immune pathways (e.g., TLR4 signaling) and disrupt hormonal regulation, supporting resistance to insulin and dysfunction of β-cell. The review also evaluates the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to restore eubiosis and improve glycemic control. Despite encouraging results, there are still many obstacles to overcome before this research can be applied in clinical settings. These obstacles include the individualized nature of the host-microbiome interaction, methodological variability in microbiome studies, and challenges in establishing causality. Overcoming these hurdles through standardized methods, advanced multi-omics integration, and innovative therapeutic delivery systems is crucial for harnessing the gut microbiome as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for T2DM management.
Keywords: gut microbiome, dysbiosis, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), probiotics, prebiotics, metabolic inflammation
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For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
