Laboratory Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Clinical Cases and Diagnostic Implications
Altin Goxharaj, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Gjirokastër “Eqrem Çabej”, Gjirokastër, Albania.
Julinda Mijo, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Hospital “Omer Nishani”, Gjirokastër, Albania.
Dashamir Demiri, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Hospital “Omer Nishani”, Gjirokastër, Albania.
Migena Kuro, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Hospital “Omer Nishani”, Gjirokastër, Albania.
Maksim Logli, Department of Radiology, Regional Hospital “Omer Nishani”, Gjirokastër, Albania.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16792767 | Page 01 to 05
Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance (IR) is a central metabolic feature of PCOS, often present even in non-obese individuals.
Objective: This article explores the role of laboratory markers in the diagnosis and management of IR in PCOS through clinical cases and discusses their implications in clinical practice.
Methods: A review of key biochemical markers associated with PCOS and IR was conducted, followed by the presentation of two clinical cases illustrating the utility of these parameters in diagnosis and treatment.
Results: Elevated fasting insulin, HOMA-IR >2.5, and altered androgenic and gonadotropin profiles were observed. Treatment with metformin and ovulation-induction agents proved effective in managing IR and reproductive dysfunction.
Conclusion: Laboratory testing is essential in the comprehensive evaluation of PCOS. Early identification of IR allows for timely interventions that can improve metabolic outcomes and fertility.
Keywords: PCOS, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, hyperandrogenism, infertility, laboratory medicine
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The Promising and Diverse Therapeutic Effects of Metformin
Ngaski A.A, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Jidda, M.L, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Bunza J.M, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
U.mar. A. I, Kebbi State Ministry of Health.
Dallatu M.K, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Aliyu K. B, Department of Chemical Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Rufai, M. A, Department of Hematology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Maryam Kasimu, Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Kwaifa, I. K, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16884955 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
The repositioning of metformin represents a salient and intriguing area of research, serving as a valuable alternative to molecular target-based drug discovery through the implementation of an off-target strategy for therapeutic repurposing. The repurposing of an already approved anti-diabetic medication mitigates the substantial expenses associated with the protracted conventional drug development process related to the additional pharmacological applications mentioned. Metformin has demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting dyskinesia associated with Parkinson’s disease, as well as in preventing cancer recurrence across various malignancies, including neuroendocrine tumors, colorectal carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and fibrosarcoma; Furthermore, metformin is also reported to enhance the healing process for liver injuries and improve cardiovascular health. This positions it as a potential treatment for conditions like cardiovascular disease and Fragile X syndrome.
Metformin exhibits significant benefits for neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, as it upregulates neurotrophic factors and mitigates dopaminergic neuronal death in models of Parkinson’s disease. Being one of the most prevalently prescribed oral antidiabetic agents, metformin also ameliorates serum lipid profiles, emphatically impacts hemostatic functions, alleviates cognitive impairments, and possesses notable anti-inflammatory characteristics. Findings from numerous clinical studies affirm that the prolonged administration of metformin in diabetic cohorts correlates with enhanced cognitive function, in comparison to individuals utilizing alternative antidiabetic therapies. The repositioning of metformin is presented as a cost-effective strategy, as it avoids the lengthy and expensive process of developing new drugs from scratch. This makes it an attractive option for addressing various health issues. This evidences substantiates the status of metformin as a preferred treatment and suggests its potential advantages for non-diabetic populations.
In conclusion, this paper presents metformin as a promising multi-therapeutic agent with a wide range of potential applications, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer treatment, and cognitive health, while also highlighting its cost-effectiveness in drug repositioning.
Keywords: Metformin, repurposing, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-stroke, anti-psychotic, and anti-neurodegenerative.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Extraction, Isolation and Characterization of sesquiterpene lactone (1α,4α-dihydroxyguaia-2,10(14),11(13)-trien-12,6α-olide) From Artmisia afra Jacq. ex Willd.
Alhassan Mahama, Department of Chemistry Education, University of Education, Winneba, P. O. Box.25, Winneba, C/R-Ghana.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16931267 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
This communication presents the isolation and detailed structural elucidation of a novel sesquiterpene lactone derived from the leaves of Artemisia afra, a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional African medicine. The structure of the compound was determined through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, alongside high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). These complementary techniques enabled the clear identification of the compound’s molecular architecture and stereochemistry, thereby enriching the phytochemical profile of A. afra and highlighting its potential pharmacological relevance. The HRMS data further supported the proposed molecular formula, with an observed mass of 285.1098 [M+Na⁺], closely matching the calculated value for C₁₅H₁₈O₄Na (285.1103), thereby confirming the compound’s structural integrity.
Keywords: Artemisia afra, Antimicrobial, Spectroscopy, sesquiterpene, lactone
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
