Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Reducing Prescription Errors in Hospitals
Fizza Salik, Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Ammar Nawaz, Department of Marine Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18766241 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Prescription errors within hospital settings are a significant cause of preventable patient harm, contributing to adverse drug events, increased healthcare costs, and prolonged hospital stays. Clinical pharmacists, as integral members of multidisciplinary healthcare teams, have been proposed as a key intervention for reducing prescription errors through direct involvement in medication review, reconciliation, and prescriber consultation. This study assesses the impact of clinical pharmacists’ interventions on the frequency and severity of prescription errors in a tertiary care hospital over a six-month period. A quantitative retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,200 prescriptions, comparing error rates before and after clinical pharmacist involvement. Error types were categorized into dosing, drug interactions, incorrect dosage form, and illegible orders. Results demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in overall prescription errors following pharmacist review, with a 42% decrease in dosing errors and a 37% reduction in potential drug–drug interactions. The study further explored prescriber perceptions and pharmacist interventions, revealing enhanced interprofessional communication and improved medication safety culture. Results indicate that pharmacist participation at key points—especially during prescription review and ward rounds—can lead to measurable improvements in prescribing practices. The findings support expanding clinical pharmacy services as a strategic initiative to improve patient safety outcomes. Future research should explore long-term cost-benefit analyses and extend this model to different clinical settings.
Keywords: Clinical pharmacists, prescription errors, hospital pharmacy, medication safety, adverse drug events, interprofessional collaboration
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Minds Behind Geopolitics: Political Psychology, Cognition, and Power in the Middle East an Interdisciplinary Personal Opinion Review
Samin Foroughi, Independent Researcher in Occupational Therapy and Holistic Health Studies Poznań, Poland.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18703070| Page 01 to 07
Abstract
Geopolitical contests are not solely the product of material capabilities or institutional arrangements; they also reflect the ways leaders and societies perceive threats, interpret opportunities, and process information; this notion can be tracked in different political relations answering to such questions that why countries like U.S and the UK have better alignments in the level of leadership (Aghili Dehnavi & Fiedler, 2025) Political psychology and cognitive science offer tools to unpack how biases, identities, and emotional heuristics influence decision-making in international politics. This concise review reinterprets recent Middle Eastern dynamics—sanctions, alliances, digital governance, and cultural soft power—through the lens of political cognition.
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A Sample Protocol for Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18681879 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), affects 17–24 million people worldwide and is characterized by profound, unexplained fatigue, post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and significant impairment in quality of life. Conventional treatments remain largely symptomatic and of limited efficacy. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) views CFS as a disorder of Qi deficiency and stagnation, making gentle Qi-cultivating practices such as Tai Chi and Qigong theoretically well-suited interventions. Guo Lin Qigong, originally developed by Grandmaster Guo Lin for cancer recovery, employs slow walking combined with specific breathing patterns (“Wind Breathing”) and is noted for its extremely low intensity (1.5–2 METs), making it tolerable even for severely fatigued patients. Using Grok 4 artificial intelligence, a tailored, evidence-informed Guo Lin Qigong protocol was generated and refined for CFS. The resulting 15-minute program emphasizes the “Wind Breathing Walk” while omitting higher-effort postures to minimize risk of post-exertional malaise. An 8-week randomized controlled trial design is proposed to test the protocol’s effects on fatigue (MFI-20), vitality (VAS), functional capacity (6MWD), and quality of life (SF-36). This study illustrates a novel methodology for rapidly translating ancient TCM practices into modern, testable clinical protocols through artificial intelligence, offering a scalable model for other chronic illnesses.
Keywords: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, Guo Lin Qigong, Tai Chi, Traditional Chinese Medicine, post-exertional malaise, artificial intelligence, mind-body intervention, fatigue management, Qi deficiency
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A Sample Protocol for Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Cardiovascular Disease: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18681604 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in bridging Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with evidence-based cardiac rehabilitation. Using Grok 4, a large language model, a safe, evidence-informed Tai Chi Qigong Shibashi (Set 1) protocol was generated and refined specifically for patients recovering from myocardial infarction (post-MI) or with stable cardiovascular disease. The resulting 6-posture, 20-minute program emphasizes heart-Qi regulation, gentle circulation enhancement, and autonomic balance while maintaining very low intensity (2–2.5 METs, RPE 9–11). “Lifting the Ball” was identified as the most heart-specific movement and is prioritized. The protocol deliberately omits higher-effort postures (Rowing the Boat, Rolling Arms) to minimize fatigue in early recovery. A detailed 8-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with objective (6MWD, HRV, LVEF) and patient-reported outcomes is proposed. Expected benefits based on existing Tai Chi/Qigong cardiology trials include 6MWD increases of 50–70 m, HRV improvements of 25–33%, and modest LVEF gains (3–5%). This work illustrates a novel, rapid, and cost-effective method for developing individualized TCM-based interventions using contemporary AI tools, offering clinicians a practical, culturally rooted adjunct to standard post-MI rehabilitation.
Keywords: Tai Chi Qigong, Shibashi, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac rehabilitation, Traditional Chinese Medicine, heart Qi deficiency, artificial intelligence, integrative cardiology, mind-body intervention, heart rate variability, 6-minute walk test, post-MI recovery, health Qigong, evidence-based TCM
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EXPONENTIAL MODEL FOR ASSESSING COMPETING RISK IN PATIENT SURVIVAL TIME IN CLINICAL TRIALS
Eric Boahen, Department of Statistics School of Mathematical Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ghana.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18478091 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
Patients’ survival time depends on several concomitant variables that compete for cancer patients’ survival. Censored values make parameter estimation difficult. For this reason, an optimal model was developed to estimate patients’ paucity entries that generate censored values in survival data. A total of 98 cancer patients were followed to death and their survival times recorded. The data was made up of 80% censored values and 20% uncensored values. The average survival time for patients is 46 months. The presence of tumor in the breast cancer contributed to six times the death of the patients. Simulations show that, median follow-up time is 4.17874 months and the density of incidence of the risk of cancer is 0.0757.
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Collaboration Among Healthcare Professionals and Effective Healthcare Delivery in Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, Kogi State – Nigeria
Samuel Soji AKINWALE, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State -Nigeria.
Julius Olugbenga OWOYEMI, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State -Nigeria.
Edime Yunusa, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State -Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18448701 | Page 01 to 64
Abstract
To achieve the global health Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there is need for all healthcare professionals to collaborate within and across specialties and disciplines. Despite the global evidences supporting interprofessional collaboration, there continues to be issues in understanding its manifestations and influence on healthcare delivery in resource-limited environments like Nigeria. Therefore, this study investigated the collaboration among healthcare professionals and effective healthcare delivery in Kogi State Specialist Hospital (KSSH), Lokoja, Nigeria. The study assessed the extent of collaboration among healthcare professionals, its effect on healthcare service delivery. The study utilised the Relational Coordination Theory, the central assumption of which is that high-quality relationships enable more effective communication, which in turn improves coordination and performance outcomes. Descriptive survey research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire administered to a census sample of 249 healthcare professionals in the study area and the data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the formulated hypotheses were tested using both simple and Multiple Linear Regression. The findings revealed a high prevalence of interprofessional collaboration of 99.2% among respondents; hypothesis testing further showed that collaboration significantly improves healthcare delivery outcomes, including service efficiency (β = 0.60, p < 0.001), reduced patient length of stay (β = -0.41, p = 0.004), fewer medical errors (β = -0.55, p < 0.001), and higher patient satisfaction (β = 0.68, p < 0.001). The study concluded that collaboration is not only prevalent among the hospital workforce but also essential for delivering high-quality, efficient, and patient-centred care and recommended that the hospital administrators, State Ministry of Health/Hospital Management Board, Professional Regulatory Councils and policymakers should institutionalise inclusive collaboration frameworks that transcend professional boundaries, giving equal voice to all healthcare workers in clinical decision-making professional Councils/Regulatory Bodies should strengthen collaboration through continuous interprofessional training programmes is essential, particularly those that simulate real-life scenarios and encourage role appreciation across the hospital departments.
Keywords: Health, Healthcare System, Healthcare Professionals, Effective Collaboration, Healthcare Delivery, Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja.
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Prevalence and Predictors of Low Packed Cell Volume among Sickle Cell Disease Patients in Northwestern Nigeria
Yakubu Anas Ibrahim, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18302638 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
Background: Among Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, the levels of Steady state packed cell volume (SSPCV) can reflect the extent of the anemia, and several factors have been linked with low SSPCV. However, in Northwestern Nigeria, the burden and the associated factors remained unexplored; therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of low SSPCV in this environment.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Hematology of Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching UDUTH, Sokoto, among patients with sickle cell disease attending clinic visits. A total of 206 patients were recruited via systematic sampling. The SSPCV was assessed from routine clinical investigations and the case file. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 25.
Results: The mean steady-state packed cell Volume (SSPCV) of the respondents was 24.00±4.70%, and about one in two (45.6%) had a low SSPCV below 24%. There was a statistically significant association between a lower steady-state packed cell volume and lower socio-economic status, lower levels of education, participants from the Hausa/Fulani tribe, and hemoglobin S homozygosity (HBSS). However, only educational level and socio-economic status remained predictors of low SSPCV.
Conclusion: The burden of low SSPCV is substantial, with about half of the participants having low SSPCV. Low level of education and Socioeconomic disadvantage were identified as the main predictors. Therefore, there is a need for targeted social interventions as well as health education and community awareness to mitigate this burden.
Keywords: Sickle cell disease, Steady state, Packed cell volume, Nigeria, PCV.
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Vitiligo: Genetics and Psychological Approaches
Dr. Gülçin ITIRLI ASLAN, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Genetik A.D.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18194374 | Page 01 to 46
Abstract
This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research and applications related to the genetic basis and psychological effects of vitiligo. First, genomic studies used to understand the genetic structure of the disease, familial inheritance patterns, and etiological genetic modeling approaches are detailed. This allows for a better understanding of the genetic predisposition and hereditary pathways of vitiligo. At the same time, information regarding the psychosocial status and quality of life of patients and their families is also examined. The study also addresses the impact of psychological interventions and their integration into clinical practice, highlighting that the treatment process requires a multidimensional approach involving not only medical but also psychological support. Furthermore, by evaluating current limitations and future research areas, suggestions are made regarding how the subject may develop in subsequent stages. The primary aim of this review is to contribute to the development of a holistic approach to vitiligo management from both genetic and psychosocial perspectives.
Keywords: Vitiligo, Genetic Predisposition, Psychosocial Impact, Quality of Life, Etiological Modeling, Holistic Management
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A Sample Protocol for Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Back Pain: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18160479 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major global cause of disability. Tai Chi and Qigong have demonstrated moderate-to-large effects on pain and function in CLBP, yet detailed, evidence-based, patient-tolerant protocols remain scarce.
Objective: To utilize artificial intelligence (Grok 4, xAI) combined with human expertise to develop and propose a practical, back-pain-specific Eight Brocades Qigong protocol and an 8-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) for its evaluation.
Methods: Grok 4 was provided with current epidemiological, biomechanical, and clinical evidence on CLBP and Eight Brocades Qigong. The AI generated a full protocol, which was subsequently edited for clinical applicability, safety, and tolerability. A single-blind RCT design with 40 participants (20 intervention, 20 active control) was outlined.
Results: The final protocol is a 20-minute, 3×/week program emphasizing six postures (most notably “Two Hands Hold the Feet”), performed for 6–8 repetitions each. Two higher-effort, less back-specific postures are omitted to improve adherence and reduce fatigue. Expected outcomes based on prior meta-analyses include a 10–15% reduction in Oswestry Disability Index and 15–20 mm decrease in VAS pain.
Conclusion: This study illustrates a replicable AI-assisted methodology for rapidly converting traditional Chinese movement practices into modern, evidence-informed therapeutic protocols. The proposed shortened Eight Brocades program is safe, feasible, and optimized for CLBP, and is ready for formal efficacy testing.
Keywords: chronic low back pain, Eight Brocades, Baduanjin, Qigong, Tai Chi, artificial intelligence, traditional Chinese medicine, mind-body intervention, randomized controlled trial, non-pharmacological treatment
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