EFFECT OF GAS FLARING POLICIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Bunu Zahra Fatima Ibrahim, Centre for Sustainable Development University of Abuja.
Sule Magaji, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18323388 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
Environmental sustainability represents a multidimensional construct encompassing the conservation, protection, and responsible management of natural resources and ecosystems. Rooted in ecological preservation, biodiversity conservation, environmental degradation and pollution mitigation, sustainability is shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Yet, despite their significant contributions, environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has become a subject of concern as most of the communities are faced with high uncertainty and business failure rates. Therefore, this study examined the impact of gas flaring policy on environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study was conducted with the aid of an integrated theoretical framework derived from environmental justice and ecological modernisation theories, among others and survey research method for data collection. The study found that technology adoption and community participation statistically significant impact on environmental sustainability in Niger Delta region of Nigeria at 5% level of significance. While regulatory enforcement has a positive but insignificant impact on environmental sustainability in Niger Delta region of Nigeria at 5% level of significant. The study concluded that gas flaring policy influences environmental sustainability in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study thus recommended among others that reviews and strengthen existing environmental regulations to address all potential environmental impacts of gas flaring comprehensively. This may require updating legislation, closing loopholes and incorporating stricter environmental standards.
Keywords: Regulatory Enforcement, Technology Adoption, Community Participation, Environmental sustainability.
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EFFECT OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT POLICIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NIGER REGION OF NIGERIA
Bunu Zahra Fatima Ibrahim, Centre for Sustainable Development University of Abuja.
Sule Magaji, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18322878 | Page 01 to 25
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of community engagement policies on environmental sustainability of Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The specific objectives were to assess the influence of community participation, transparency and accountability and inclusive representation on environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A sample size of 389 respondents comprising of regulatory agencies host community and environmental specialist. from a population of 13,708 using Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula for sample size determination. Simple random sampling was employed to select respondents. Data were collected through primary sources using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyzed the data and test the hypotheses. The results reveal that community participation has a significant but negative effect on environmental sustainability, transparency and accountability has a positive but insignificant effect, while inclusive presentation demonstrates a positive and significant effect on environmental sustainability of Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
The study concludes that environmental sustainability strategies significantly shape Niger delta environment, with inclusive representation emerging as the most influential factor. It recommends that Regulatory Agencies and Government Bodies need to Re-design community participation strategies, Revamp community participation approaches to align with host community needs, ensuring meaningful engagement and positive contributions to environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Community Participation, Transparency and Accountability, Inclusive Representation, Environmental Sustainability.
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PLANT DISEASES ON HUMAN CIVILIZATION: A RECAP OF THE PAST, PRESENT AND THE FUTURE
Kutama, A. S., Department of Plant Biology, Federal University Dutse.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18298005 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
Plant diseases pose significant threats to agricultural production and can have profound socio-economic consequences for countries worldwide. This paper aims to explore the impact of plant diseases on the socio-economic status of a country by examining the existing literature and synthesizing key findings. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published within the last 15 years. Studies focusing on the socio-economic impact of plant diseases at the country level were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The review revealed that plant diseases have far-reaching effects on various aspects of a country’s socio-economic status. Agricultural productivity is significantly affected, leading to reduced crop yields, decreased income for farmers, and increased food prices. Plant diseases also disrupt international trade, affecting export earnings and import dependencies. Moreover, the socio-economic impacts extend beyond the agricultural sector, influencing employment rates, rural livelihoods, poverty levels, and overall economic growth. The findings highlight the substantial socio-economic implications of plant diseases on a country’s development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems, coupled with the increasing prevalence and severity of plant diseases, underscores the urgent need for effective disease management strategies. To address the socio-economic challenges posed by plant diseases, this review essay recommends implementing integrated pest management strategies, promoting farmer education and capacity building, and enhancing international collaborations and partnerships. Additionally, policymakers should prioritize investments in plant health infrastructure, surveillance systems, and research and development to foster resilient agricultural systems and safeguard the socio-economic well-being of countries.
Keywords: Plant diseases, Socio-Economic Impacts, human civilization, review
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Impact of Forests Degradation on Rural Household Livelihoods in Central Zone of Taraba State, Nigeria
Babanyaya, B.M., Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria.
Oruonye, E.D., Department of Geography. Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria.
Ahmed, Y.M., Department of Geography. Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18296540 | Page 01 to 28
Abstract
Forest degradation poses a critical threat to the livelihoods of rural communities in tropical regions, yet empirical evidence linking environmental decline to household-level outcomes remains limited, particularly in understudied ecological zones. This study assesses the impact of forest degradation on rural household livelihoods in the Central Zone of Taraba State, Nigeria, employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Quantitative data from 391 household surveys were integrated with spatial analysis of Landsat imagery (1993–2023) to evaluate land cover change and its socio-economic correlates. Findings reveal that forest degradation driven primarily by agricultural expansion, fuelwood extraction, and weak regulatory enforcement has significantly diminished livelihood security. Key impacts include reduced access to fuelwood and medicinal plants, decreased agricultural productivity, and heightened vulnerability to climate variability. Regression analysis further indicates that forest degradation negatively predicts household livelihood outcomes (β = –0.408, p < 0.001), with female-headed and larger households experiencing heightened vulnerability. Conversely, higher education levels and older household heads correlate with improved resilience. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated policy interventions that promote sustainable forest management, enhance alternative livelihood options, and strengthen local governance. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on socio-ecological resilience and provide evidence-based insights for sustainable rural development in Nigeria’s forest-dependent communities.
Keywords: Forest Degradation, Livelihood, Rural households
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Mathematical Modeling of Extreme Rainfall and Flood Risk under Climate Change
Omariba Geofrey Ong’era, Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya.
Abraham Osogo Nyakebogo, Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18329244 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
Extreme rainfall events have intensified in both frequency and magnitude as a consequence of climate change, resulting in escalating flood risk and substantial socio-economic losses worldwide. Reliable prediction and quantitative assessment of flood hazards are therefore essential for effective disaster preparedness, mitigation, and climate-resilient planning. This study develops a comprehensive mathematical modeling framework for analyzing extreme rainfall and flood dynamics under changing climatic conditions. Rainfall intensity is incorporated as a climate-driven forcing parameter and coupled with hydrodynamic flood propagation equations to describe surface runoff and inundation processes. The governing equations, based on conservation of mass and momentum, are solved numerically using finite difference techniques, with all simulations implemented in MATLAB. A non-dimensional formulation highlights the dominant controlling parameters, including the rainfall forcing parameter Froude number (Fr), and friction parameter which collectively govern flow acceleration, flood depth, and energy dissipation. Numerical results demonstrate that increases in and (Fr) significantly amplify flood depth, flow velocity, and inundation extent, while higher enhances resistance and water accumulation, underscoring the nonlinear sensitivity of flood risk to climatic and hydraulic controls. The proposed framework provides a robust theoretical and computational tool for flood risk assessment, supporting early warning systems, urban drainage design, and climate adaptation strategies.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Cardiovascular Disease: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18296174 | Page 01 to 22
Abstract
Objective: To systematically summarize and synthesize the evidence from 20 key studies examining the therapeutic effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its major risk factors, using artificial intelligence (Grok) as an assistive tool for literature analysis, while maintaining methodological consistency with prior reviews on other conditions.
Methods: Twenty representative studies (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials) published between 2007 and 2025 were retrieved from PubMed. Each study was analyzed and summarized by the artificial intelligence model Grok with respect to study design, participant characteristics, intervention protocols, primary and secondary outcomes (with effect sizes when available), proposed physiological and psychological mechanisms, strengths, limitations, and clinical recommendations.
Results: The aggregated evidence demonstrates that Tai Chi and Qigong, practiced regularly (typically 2–5 sessions/week for 8 weeks to 1 year), consistently produce clinically meaningful improvements across multiple CVD-relevant domains. Notable effects include reductions in systolic blood pressure (up to −12.47 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (up to −6.46 mmHg), total cholesterol, anxiety (SMD up to −2.13), and depression (SMD up to −0.86); increases in exercise capacity (6-minute walk test SMD up to 1.30; aerobic endurance SMD up to 1.12), quality of life (Hedges’ g up to 0.96), and left ventricular ejection fraction; and long-term lowering of cardiovascular event rates in high-risk populations. Interventions were remarkably safe, with minimal adverse events reported across thousands of participants. Proposed mechanisms encompass improved endothelial function, autonomic nervous system balance, reduced systemic inflammation, enhanced cardiopulmonary efficiency, and stress-hormone modulation.
Conclusions: Tai Chi and Qigong are safe, low-cost, and effective mind-body interventions that can serve as valuable adjuncts to standard cardiovascular care and cardiac rehabilitation programs. They offer particular benefit for patients who are elderly, deconditioned, or intolerant of conventional aerobic exercise. Despite consistent positive signals, current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, study heterogeneity, and relatively short follow-up periods. Large-scale, long-term, multicenter randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols and hard clinical endpoints are still needed to definitively establish their role in contemporary CVD management.
Keywords: Tai Chi, Qigong, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cardiac rehabilitation, blood pressure, quality of life, mind-body intervention, meta-analysis, traditional Chinese medicine
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Edwards Curve and BIG MAC Attack
Aubain Jose MAYEUKEU, Departement Of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O.box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
Emmanuel FOUOTSA, Departement of Mathematics, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O.Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
Celestin LELE, Center for Cybersecurity and Mathematical Cryptology, The University of Bamenda., P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18296047 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
In 2001, Walter introduced the BIG MAC attack on RSA systems. This hori- zontal collision attack exploits the detection of common operands between two multiplications. It is highly effective, as a single power consumption trace is suffi- cient to recover all the bits of the secret exponent. Initially, the BIG MAC attack was not applicable to cryptosystems based on elliptic curves. It was only in 2013 that Bauer et al. enhanced the attack and proposed a version adapted to ellip- tic curves. This new approach specifically targets the atomicity countermeasure and relies on identifying common operands between two multiplications within the addition and doubling algorithms for elliptic curve points. In 2016, Danger et al. further refined the attack by significantly improving its efficiency: instead of comparing only two multiplications, their method compares sixteen, thereby achieving much better results. In this work, we first analyze the atomicity coun- termeasure applied to Edwards curves, Twisted Edwards curves, and Edwards curves defined over binary fields. Then, we study the BIG MAC attack on these curves, focusing on its effectiveness against atomicity-based countermeasures.
Keywords: Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Big Mac Attack, Side Channel Atomicity, Edwards curves.
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ATTITUDINAL DISPOSITIONS OF PASTORAL LEADERSHIP TO CHURCH MEMBERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS
Sunday Adeyemo ADEPOJU, Ph. D, Pastor, Grace Community Baptist Church, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18264865 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
Christian involvement in politics is a perennial issue. Over the years, scholars have had divergent views on whether or not Christians should be allowed to participate in partisan politics. Is politics bad in itself, as many suppose? Should Christians be actively engaged in it? Why do some Christians distance themselves from the political activities of the land? How can Christians’ involvement in politics foster development in nation-building? What should be the attitudinal dispositions of pastoral leadership to this crucial issue? This research aims at responding to the questions raised above. The paper adopts a descriptive method and reports the findings qualitatively. It examines the nexus between religion and politics, the biblical perspective on politics and Christians’ involvement, and pastors’ attitude towards members’ involvement in politics. The study reveals that politics is not bad, but the players’ attitude towards it needs a reorientation. It also discovers that misinterpretation of the concept of separation of Church and State leads to the nonchalant attitude of some Christians toward involvement in partisan politics. The findings also show that religion and politics are interconnected. Hence, the need for the involvement of Christians. To foster national development, pastoral leaders should enlighten their congregants and members about the need to be actively involved in politics.
Keywords: Attitudinal Dispositions, Pastoral Leadership, Partisan Politics, Christians.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18204988 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
Objective: To systematically summarize and evaluate the clinical evidence for Tai Chi and Qigong as therapeutic interventions for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME).
Methods: Fourteen English-language publications (5 completed randomized controlled trials, 3 study protocols, 3 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 2 non-randomized interventions, and 1 case series) were identified via PubMed and individually summarized with the assistance of the artificial intelligence tool Grok (xAI). Study design, participant characteristics, intervention protocols, primary outcomes, biomarkers, proposed mechanisms, safety profile, limitations, and clinical implications were extracted and synthesized.
Results: Interventions lasting 4–16 weeks (most commonly Baduanjin Qigong, 24-style Tai Chi, PLWNT, and Wu Xing Ping Heng Gong) consistently demonstrated moderate-to-large reductions in fatigue severity (pooled SMD 0.85, 95% CI 0.64–1.07 compared with passive controls), improvements in sleep quality (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.10–0.57), depression (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.72), anxiety, health-related quality of life, and functional capacity. Beneficial biomarker changes included increased telomerase activity, elevated adiponectin, and enhanced resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode, frontoparietal, and sensorimotor networks. Effect sizes against active controls (e.g., CBT, education) were small and non-significant. Interventions were well tolerated with only minor, transient adverse events reported.
Conclusion: Current evidence, albeit predominantly from small-to-moderate-sized trials conducted in China and Hong Kong, indicates that Tai Chi and Qigong are safe, promising adjunctive therapies for CFS, producing clinically meaningful reductions in fatigue and associated symptoms together with favorable neurophysiological and biochemical changes. High-quality, multicenter RCTs with active controls, longer follow-up periods, and objective physiological outcomes are now warranted to confirm efficacy and establish optimal protocols.
Keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis, Tai Chi, Qigong, mind-body exercise, fatigue reduction, sleep quality, depression, functional connectivity, telomerase, systematic review.
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EFFECT OF TRAINING OUTSOURCING PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF SACCOS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA
Dr. Rael Mandago, Senior Lecturer, Koitaleel Samoei University College.
Audrey Akinyi Owino, Jomo Kenyatta university of Agricilture and Technology.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18151119 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of training outsourcing practices on performance of Saccos in Uasin Gishu County.
Methodology: This study employed explanatory research design the target population of the study were all employees of the 20 SACCOS in Uasin Gishu County. The accessible population for this study was 227 employees working in the Savings and credit cooperative societies in Uasin Gishu County. The sample size were 145 employees. The study used purposive and simple random sampling to select respondents. The study collected both primary and secondary data using questionnaires, internet source, e-library, physical library and publication. Collected data was organised and edited to remove any inconsistencies, repetitions or errors that would have made analysis difficult. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics included percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation. Inferentially correlations and multiple regression analysis were applied to get the change in dependent variable caused by the effect of independent variables.
Results: The study results revealed that training outsourcing practices has a significant influence on performance of Saccos (β1=0.298, p<0.05).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the Saccos always outsource human resource as this will greatly increase training policies and provision of training opportunities.
Keywords: Training outsourcing practices, performance, Saccos, Uasin Gishu County.
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The Role of Work Ethic in Mediating the Relationship Between Resilience and Employee Performance in the Operations Department of PT. Wanho Industries Indonesia in Batang Regency
Sri Suprapti, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Putri Eka Cahyani, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Sulistiyani, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Imam Gozali, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Suparmi, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18137349 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
In the era of globalization and increasingly fierce business competition, the manufacturing industry faces various challenges that require high levels of adaptability and resilience from its employees. Rapid technological change, supply chain disruptions, and skilled labor shortages are key challenges facing manufacturing companies in the modern era. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of resilience on employee performance and work ethic on employee performance. The population of this study was 466 employees of the Operations Department of PT. Wanho Industries Indonesia. The sampling method was proportional random sampling, with a sample size of 82 people. The analytical technique used was path analysis. The results showed that resilience had a positive but insignificant effect on employee performance. Work ethic had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Resilience was shown to have a positive and significant effect on work ethic. Intervening tests showed that resilience indirectly influences performance through work ethic, thus indicating that work ethic fully mediates the relationship. This finding reinforces the importance of work ethic as a bridging mechanism between resilience’s influence on performance.
Keywords: resilience, work ethic, employee performance, mediation.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat COPD: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18114830 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Although pharmacotherapy and conventional pulmonary rehabilitation improve outcomes, adherence remains suboptimal. Tai Chi and Qigong, mind-body practices from Traditional Chinese Medicine, have gained attention as low-cost, accessible adjunctive therapies.
Objective: To synthesize evidence from 21 clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of Tai Chi and Qigong in COPD using artificial intelligence-assisted literature summarization.
Methods: PubMed was searched for randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Grok (xAI) was employed to generate structured summaries of study design, participants, interventions, outcomes, mechanisms, strengths, and limitations.
Results: Tai Chi and Qigong consistently improved exercise capacity (6MWD mean difference up to 40.83 m), lung function (FEV1 up to 0.11 L; FEV1% predicted up to 1.67%), health-related quality of life (SGRQ reductions up to −16.75 points), exacerbation rates (RR 0.59), and psychological symptoms (anxiety/depression SMD up to −0.86). Benefits were mediated by enhanced respiratory muscle efficiency, diaphragmatic breathing, reduced systemic inflammation, and stress reduction. Interventions were safe and well-tolerated.
Conclusion: Tai Chi and Qigong are effective, safe, and feasible adjunctive therapies for COPD management. Large-scale, multicenter trials with standardized protocols are warranted to confirm long-term outcomes and optimal dosing.
Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD, Tai Chi, Qigong, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Mind-Body Exercise, Exercise Capacity, 6-Minute Walk Distance, Quality of Life, Exacerbations, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Complementary Therapy, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, Artificial Intelligence.
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