SERVICE AMBIANCE AND CUSTOMER PATRONAGE OF SUPERMARKETS IN PORT HARCOURT
NWUCHE, Patrick, Department of Marketing Faculty of Administration and Management Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18254149 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between service ambiance and customer patronage of supermarkets in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Specifically, the study focused on two dimensions of service ambiance; store colour and store lighting. A correlational survey research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised thirty five supermarkets operating in Port Harcourt, while one hundred and forty copies of the questionnaire were distributed in the frame four copies each to supermarket managers, out of which one hundred and eleven valid responses were used for analysis. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, validated through content and face validity, and reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha with a coefficient of 0.98. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman Rank Order Correlation at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between store colour and customer patronage, as well as between store lighting and customer patronage. These results indicated that visual and atmospheric elements of the retail environment significantly influence customers’ emotional responses, satisfaction, and repeat patronage behaviour. The study concluded that service ambiance is a strategic marketing tool that shapes customer perceptions and loyalty beyond product and price considerations. It was therefore recommended that supermarket operators invest in well-coordinated colour schemes and appropriate lighting designs to enhance customer experience and sustain patronage in a competitive retail environment.
Keywords: Service ambiance, Store colour, Store lighting, Customer patronage, Supermarkets.
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UPPER MANTLE CONDUCTIVITY DETERMINED FROM THE SOLAR QUIET DAY IONOSPHERIC CURRENTS IN THE MID AND HIGH LATITUDES OF EUROPE
Emenike Gloria Chinecherem Ph. D, Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, NnamdiAzikiwe University Awka, Nigeria.
Obiekezie T. N (Prof), Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18426165 | Page 01 to 09
Abstract
The mantle electrical conductivity-depth profile of mid and high latitudes of Europe have been determined using solar quiet day ionospheric current (Sq). The magnetometer data obtained for 2009 from geomagnetic stations installed across Europe by magnetic data acquisition set (MAGDAS) were employed in this study. Gauss spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) method was used to separate the internal and external field contributions to Sq current system. The result depicted that the conductivity values at DOU showed a sharp increase from 0.026791sm-1 at 103.38km to 0.129sm-1 at 137.24km, it increased to 0.142sm-1 at 160.84km and got to 0.178sm-1 at 203.61km. At HRN, the conductivity profile rose steadily from about 0.0179sm-1 at a depth of 140.42km and increased gradually until it got to 0.0245sm-1 at 206.34km. This high conductivity region agreed with the global seismic low velocity region, the asthenosphere. A discontinuity in the conductivity values was observed between 432.63 and 699.6km, this region corresponds to the mantle transition zone, which is part of the Earth’s mantle and located between the lower mantle and the upper mantle between depths of 410 and 660km.
Keywords: Upper Mantle, Conductivity, Solar, Ionospheric Currents, Latitudes
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Foreign Direct Investment and Digital Transformation of Local Companies: Evidence from Vietnam
Nguyen Lan Anh, Ph. D, Institute of Corporate Culture, Hung Vuong University of Ho Chi Minh City.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18113064 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the digital transformation of local companies in Vietnam, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of absorptive capacity. Using firm-level quantitative data and regression analysis, the findings indicate that greater exposure to foreign-invested enterprises is positively associated with higher levels of digital transformation among domestic firms. However, this effect is conditional on firms’ internal capabilities, especially human capital and learning capacity. The results suggest that FDI can act as a catalyst for digital upgrading, but its benefits are not automatic. Policy implications highlight the need to align investment attraction with enterprise capability development to achieve inclusive digital transformation.
Keywords: Foreign direct investment; Digital transformation; Absorptive capacity; Local firms; Vietnam.
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EVALUATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL FROM CASSAVA MILL EFFLUENTS AND GUTTER SLUDGE UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
Orakwelu N.O., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Egurefa SO, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor P.M.B 2090, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.
Oghonim, P.AN, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor P.M.B 2090, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.
Mbachu, I.A.C, Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Egwuatu C. I, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Abana, C. C, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Okey-Ndeche, F.N., Veritas University Abuja, Area Council, Bwari 901101, Federal Capital Territory.
Uwanta, L.I., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Agu, K.C., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Nwozor, N.C, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18081111 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
The increasing demand for sustainable energy and improved waste management strategies has intensified interest in biogas production from organic wastes. This study evaluated the biogas production potential of cassava mill effluents (CME) co-digested with gutter sludge under anaerobic conditions. Samples were collected from Nise community in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria, and subjected to microbiological, physicochemical, and nutritional analyses before and after a 32-day anaerobic digestion period. Microbial enumeration revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus spp., and Candida spp., indicating active biodegradation potential. Significant reductions in cyanide concentration (75.0 to 40.0 mg/L) and selected heavy metals, namely, chromium and cadmium, were observed. Nutritional parameters such as crude protein, fatty acids, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium decreased, reflecting microbial utilization, while carbohydrate content increased due to hydrolysis of complex polymers. Biogas production was confirmed by flammability tests from Day 16. The findings demonstrate that co-digestion of CME and gutter sludge is a feasible and environmentally beneficial approach for renewable energy generation and waste remediation, with significant implications for sustainable waste management and energy security in developing regions.
Keywords: Biogas, Cassava Mill Effluents, Gutter, Sludge, Anaerobic Conditions.
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZING BACTERIOCINPRODUCING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM SOIL SAMPLE AND ASSESSING ITS EFFICACY AGAINST WOUND PATHOGENS
Ojo A. T., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Orji E.U, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Oforbuike F.O., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Uwanta L.I., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Oghonim P.AN, Microbiology Department, Biological Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor P.M.B 2090, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.
Mbachu, I.A.C, Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Anazodo, C.A., Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Awari V.G., Microbiology Department, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Anieto, E.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University on the Niger, KM-13, Onitsha – Enugu Express Way Umunya, Nigeria.
Imo K. I., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra, Nigeria.
Anene, C.C, Department of Applied Microbiology & Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
Ebu P.U., Microbiology Department, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18081016 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, which are secreted to act against closely related bacterial species without affecting the producing strain. Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been given much attention because some of them exhibit high activity against pathogenic organisms. LAB was isolated from soil and assessed for bacteriocin production and antimicrobial activity against wound pathogens like Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. using the agar-well diffusion method. Four different LAB species were isolated and identified using standard techniques. The isolates were cultured into Brain Heart Infusion medium for bacteriocin production. The result showed that all the test isolates were susceptible to 50% of the bacteriocin produced while resistant to 50% as well. The produced bacteriocin presents a broad spectrum of activity against possible pathogenic organisms. The identification of this substance active against important pathogens addresses an important aspect of antimicrobial resistance in treatment of wound infections.
Keywords: Bacteriocins, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Pathogens, Soil
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Using ITO–Silver Nanoparticles with Electrocoagulation to Reduce Colour, COD, and BOD in Textile Wastewater
Dr. Martin Osemba, Mount Kenya University, Department of Natural Sciences.
Prof. Justin Maghanga, Taita Taveta University, Chemistry Department, Kenya.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18055277 | Page 01 to 23
Abstract
This study developed a material made from indium tin oxide and silver nanoparticles to improve the electrocoagulation process used for cleaning textile wastewater. The material was made through chemical reduction and examined using SEM, TEM, XRD, and BET tests. The results showed that the silver particles were evenly spread on the ITO surface with sizes between 20 and 50 nanometers. The crystal structure confirmed that both ITO and silver were successfully combined. The surface area was high, which helps reactions take place more easily. The material was then used as an electrode in an electrocoagulation system to treat real textile wastewater. The wastewater had very high levels of colour, COD, and BOD. The best results were achieved at a current density of 25 mA per square centimeter, a pH of 5, and 20 minutes of treatment. Under these conditions, the system removed 97 percent of the colour, 89 percent of COD, and 92 percent of BOD. These results were possible because the ITO and silver worked together to improve charge movement and help break down dye molecules. The study shows that this method is effective, sustainable, and suitable for large-scale use in textile wastewater treatment.
Keywords: Indium tin oxide, silver nanoparticles, electrocoagulation, textile wastewater, colour removal, COD reduction, BOD reduction
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SAFETY PRACTICES TO MITIGATE OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES AMONG GRAPHIC DESIGNERS IN RIVER STATE
IGBIKIOWUBO Eunice Ph. D, Department of Health and Safety Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
SAMUEL, Gentle Kitoye Ph. D, Department of Health and Safety Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18032579 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
Safety practice must be prioritized because occupational hazards in computer graphic designing work can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of workers. This study investigated safety practices to mitigate occupational hazards and socio-demographic correlates among graphic designers in Rivers State. The sample size of study 360 was determined using Cochran’s formula. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted for the study which was presented in three stages to select the sample for the study. The instrument for eliciting information for this study was self-administered questionnaire titled Safety Practice and Socio-Demographic Correlates Questionnaire (SPSdCQ). The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.8. Collected data were coded and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Service Solution (version 25.0) using percentage and Pearson Correlation at 0.05 level significance. Results indicated that, the grand mean of 3.11±0.71 is greater than the criterion mean of 2.50, indicating a good safety practice. Thus, the safety behaviours to mitigate occupational hazards among graphic designers in Rivers State was good with majority indicating that they often use cover all during graphic work on objects (3.64±0.97). The result indicated that there was a significant relationship demographic factors (age (N = 360; r = 0.72; p<0.05), work experience (N = 360; r = 0.62; p<0.05) and educational level (N = 360; r = 0.70; p<0.05). The result indicated that there was a significant relationship (N = 360; r = 0.40; p<0.05). It was concluded that graphic designers had good safety practice and the socio-demographic correlates are age, years of work experience and educational level. It was recommended among others that professionals graphic design association should advocate government policies that protect freelance and informal sector designers, including access to health insurance, launch awareness campaigns and establish cooperatives purchasing systems to help members acquire PPE at reduced cost.
Keywords: Correlates, Demographics, Graphic Design, Practice, Safety.
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Light in the Cloud: Christian Perspectives on Computing Ethics in a Networked World
MUGERWA JOSEPH, Department of Computer Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Prof. MASIKO I KAFEERO, Department of Theology, Bugema University, Kampala, Uganda.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18032450 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
The rapid growth of cloud computing and digital networks has transformed the way societies store, process, and share information. While these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and efficiency, they also present significant ethical challenges. Issues such as data privacy, cybersecurity, intellectual property, digital divide, and professional accountability remain pressing concerns in the computing profession. This article explores these challenges through the lens of Christian ethics, emphasizing values of truth, stewardship, justice, integrity, and love of neighbor. Using the biblical metaphor of “light” as a guiding principle, the paper argues that Christian values can illuminate the ethical landscape of computing in the cloud era. By integrating biblical teachings with professional codes of conduct, it proposes a framework for Christian computing professionals to act responsibly and faithfully in a networked world. The article concludes that applying Christian perspectives to computing ethics not only enriches professional practice but also contributes to building a just, secure, and humane digital society.
Keywords: Christian ethics, cloud computing, data stewardship, cybersecurity, digital divide, truthfulness, technology and faith.
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DETERMINANTS OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AMONG ROAD CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN RIVERS EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT
BLANKSON-ALEX Azibablnabhel, Department of Health and Safety Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
ENE-BONGILLI Goodness Ph. D, Department of Public Health, Cavendish University, Uganda.
CHINDA Samuel Chiburoma Ph. D, Department of Health and Safety Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18032153 | Page 01 to 22
Abstract
This study investigated the determinants of occupational injuries among road construction workers in Rivers East Senatorial District. This was a descriptive survey design. The study was done among construction workers that are primarily engaged in the construction of roads, bridges, culverts and drainages. The sample size of 500 was selected using the multistage sampling procedure. A self-structured test instrument was used for data collection titled ‘‘Questionnaire on determinants of occupational injuries among road construction workers (QDOIRCW)’’. All analysis was done with the aid of Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS V-27). Each completed test instrument was assigned with a unique code. Data were analyzed descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages (%), mean, standard deviation for demographic data and for research questions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Inferential statistics of Point biserial correlation were used to test the null hypotheses at .05 alpha level. The results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between years of work experience and occupational injuries as p<0.05, between safety training and occupational injuries as p<0.05, between use of PPE and occupational injuries as p<0.05, between risk perception and occupational injuries as p<0.05, between work condition and occupational injuries as p<0.05.Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that years of work experience, safety training, use of PPE, risk perception and work condition are significant determinants of occupational injuries among road construction workers. It was recommended that the government, through the ministry of labour and productivity, should enforce the bare minimum conditions every construction workplace should have to reduce the occurrence of occupational injuries.
Keywords: Occupational injuries, Road construction workers, Safety training, Personal protective equipment (PPE), Risk perception
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PEER PRESSURE AND DRUG ABUSE AS CORRELATES OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN RIVERS STATE
Christiana A. Osaro Ph. D, Department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counseling.
Ignatius Ajuru, University of Education, Department of Foundation and Arts Education.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18031306 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The study investigated the relationship between peer pressure, drug abuse and deviant behaviour among students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The study adopted a correlational research design. Three research questions and three null hypothese guided the study. The population of the study comprised all the 23429 students in 200 and 300 level from Ignatius Ajuru University of Education (IAUE) and Rivers State University (RSU). The sample for the study consisted of 400 students. Taro Yamane formula was used to get the sample size. The researcher developed three instruments, namely; Peer Pressure Scale (PPS), Drug Abuse Scale (DAS) and Deviant Behaviour Scale (DBS). In order to ascertain the face and content validities of the instruments for the study, it was submitted presented to experts in Measurement and Evaluation who went through the content and structure of the instrument. To determine the reliability of the instruments, test-retest technique was used. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that direct peer pressure, indirect peer pressure and drug abuse significantly related to deviant behaviour among students in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Based on the results, the researcher recommend among others that tertiary institutions should implement peer mentoring and counselling programmes that target students’ social interactions.
Keywords: peer pressure, drug abuse, deviant behaviors
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From Teleology to Adequacy A Spinozistic Layer for World-Model AI
Erez Ashkenazi, Independent researcher
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18005719 | Page 01 to 26
Abstract
Contemporary AI systems increasingly offer natural-language explanations of their behavior. These explanations are often teleological: they describe what the system “wants”, “tries”, or “is meant to do”. Teleological language can be useful as a form of narrative compression for humans, but it also invites anthropomorphism and miscalibrated trust. At the same time, recent work on world models and Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPA) emphasizes that autonomous agents need compact causal representations of the world, not just next-token prediction.
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Traumatic Vitreous Hemorrhage Following Cow Horn Injury: A Case Report
Haziel Rynjah, Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Royal Global University, Assam, India.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17829540 | Page 01 to 06
Abstract
Background: Traumatic vitreous haemorrhage is a vision-threatening complication that may arise following blunt or penetrating ocular injury. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in preventing permanent visual impairment. This report presents a case of vitreous haemorrhage associated with blunt trauma by a cow horn, highlighting the clinical features, investigations, and initial management. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old female presented with redness, pain, swelling, and sudden loss of vision in the right eye after a cow horn injury. Examination revealed conjunctival chemosis, subconjunctival haemorrhage, Descemet’s folds, vitreous haemorrhage, and associated choroidal detachment, with visual acuity reduced to counting fingers. Management: The patient was treated with Homide eye drops twice daily and Prednisolone eye drops three times daily, and advised close follow-up to monitor for delayed retinal complications. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, careful retinal evaluation, and timely management are essential in traumatic vitreous haemorrhage to prevent permanent visual impairment, with ultrasonography playing a key role when media opacity limits fundus view.
Keywords: Traumatic vitreous haemorrhage, Choroidal detachment, Cow horn injury, Blunt ocular trauma
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DISAGGREGATED PUBLIC DEBT IN NIGERIA
Mahmood Omeiza Adeiza, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
Khadija Adeola Kolawole, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17961988 | Page 01 to 31
Abstract
Abstract
This study examined the disaggregated impact of public debt on economic growth in Nigeria, focusing on domestic debt, external debt, and debt servicing. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, the study analyzed annual time-series data from 2005 to 2024. The findings reveal that domestic debt has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, while external debt has a negative and significant effect. Debt servicing is found to have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth, suggesting that proper debt servicing enhances fiscal descipline. The findings imply that policymakers should prioritize productive domestic borrowing, efficient debt management, and fiscal discipline to promote economic growth in Nigeria. Accoringly, the study recommends sustainable domestic borrowing, cautious external borrowing, and debt restructuring to reduce debt servicing burdens.
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Mood-Related Side Effects of Hormonal Birth Control in College Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Erin McKinley, PhD, RD, LDN, CLC, MCHES, FAND Louisiana State University and the LSU AgCenter 285 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803.
Carly Greig, BS, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University & The LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, USA.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17810406 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
Objective: Hormonal birth control (HBC) is widely used among college-aged women for pregnancy prevention and menstrual regulation, yet its psychological side effects remain underexplored. This study investigates the incidence and impact of HBC-related side effects, particularly mood changes, among female students at Louisiana State University.
Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered to a convenience sample of 446 female students aged 18 and older. Participants completed validated scales measuring perceived stress, everyday college experiences, and affective lability.
Results: The study found that mood changes, such as anxiety, sadness, and irritability, were the most reported side effects among both current and former HBC users. Weight gain and menstrual irregularities also ranked highly. Notably, participants with diagnosed mental health disorders reported significantly more adverse effects, including depression, decreased libido, and headaches. Qualitative responses highlighted emotional instability and dissatisfaction with provider communication as the main reasons for discontinuing use.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of better education and counseling about HBC’s psychological effects. Healthcare providers should actively discuss potential mood-related side effects and suggest alternative dosing options to reduce distress. Since mental health diagnoses are common among college students, personalized contraceptive counseling is crucial. This study adds to a growing body of evidence supporting more comprehensive reproductive health care and informed choices for young women.
Keywords: hormonal birth control; college students; mental health; mood disorders.
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ַ֖ מ ְׁש) SHEMA) AND INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF FAITH CURRICULUM FOR CHILDREN’S SPIRITUAL FORMATION
Njeru M. Kathuri, Department of Environmental Studies & Resources Development, Chuka University.
Mutunga C. Ndunge, Department of Social Sciences, Chuka University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17785601 | Page 01 to 14
Abstract
This paper explores the transformative potential of the Shema, a foundational Jewish prayer, in shaping children’s spiritual formation and development within a multi-generational context. The Shema, emphasizing monotheism, love for God, and internalization of faith, serves as a potent springboard for the intergenerational transmission of faith and values. By examining how the Shema can be meaningfully incorporated into family practices, rituals, and storytelling, the paper argues that it provides children with a framework for developing a strong identity: The Shema instills a sense of belonging to a tradition and fosters a deep connection to a higher power. Also, the Shema’s emphasis on loving God and neighbor equips children with ethical guidelines for navigating life’s complexities. The paper draws upon contemporary scholarship on intergenerational faith transmission, child development, and the richness of Jewish tradition to offer practical strategies for families to utilize the Shema as a catalyst for nurturing children’s spiritual growth. The paper, therefore, concludes that by embracing Shema’s timeless wisdom and fostering intergenerational connection, families can empower children to embrace their faith with conviction and purpose. Therefore, the Shema as a principle for intergenerational faith transmission unto contemporary parents/guardians is recommended to build a faith foundation, create engaging experiences, encourage discussion and exploration, and maintain continuity.
Keywords: Shema, Intergeneration, Monotheism, Transmission, Child Development, Spiritual Formation, Curriculum.
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The Influence of Gender on Adoption of Climate Smart Agricultural Practices Among Households in Embu County, Kenya
Njeru M. Kathuri, Department of Environmental Studies & Resources Development, Chuka University.
Mutunga C. Ndunge, Department of Social Sciences, Chuka University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17785467 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices are vital for enhancing productivity, resilience, and environmental sustainability within smallholder systems facing climate variability. Nevertheless, gender dynamics frequently exacerbate disparities in adoption, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates the influence of gender on the adoption of CSA among farming households in Embu County, Kenya. Guided by the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, which elucidates the dissemination of innovations through perceived attributes and adopter classifications, the research reveals that women encounter resource and decision-making barriers, leading to their being late adopters relative to men. This scenario reinforces productivity disparities amid patriarchal norms and male out-migration. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, a multistage sampling approach selected 402 households focused on intensive farming and CSA promotion within Embu County. Questionnaires were administered to household heads and 32 extension officers, with reliability confirmed via Cronbach’s alpha (0.83) and content validity verified through expert review. Differences in adoption by gender were analyzed using independent t-tests. Findings indicate near parity in household headship (52% male, 48% female), representing a shift from previous male dominance (72:28), driven by male out-migration, which has increased female involvement in farm management. Female-headed households exhibited marginally higher CSA adoption (mean = 6.96 practices, SD = 2.44) compared to male-headed households (mean = 6.86, SD = 2.42); however, this difference was not statistically significant (t (400) = 0.396, p = 0.69). This contrasts with regional trends of lower female adoption rates (40-55% versus 55-70% for males), attributed to land tenure, credit, and extension service constraints. Nevertheless, it aligns with local evidence indicating women’s preference for low-input practices, such as crop rotation, driven by food security considerations. These findings challenge traditional narratives of gender gaps, emphasizing the influence of local factors such as equity and migration. They highlight the importance of DOI in customizing diffusion channels to promote equity. The study recommends gender-responsive extension services with women-led training programs, policy reforms to facilitate access to credit based on user rights, and intra-household dialogues to sustain adoption, thereby enhancing resilience, welfare, and alignment with SDG 5. By fostering inclusive innovation, Embu exemplifies avenues toward gender-transformative agriculture in contexts vulnerable to climate change.
Keywords: Climate smart agriculture, adoption, influence, gender.
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Recent Advances in Thermoplastic Starch Research: A Review
Ochei Emeka Stephen, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute.
Apeh Solomon Enebi, Nigerian building and road research institute.
Mrs Fajugbagbe Atinuke, Nigerian building and road research institute.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17785367 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
As a sustainable substitute for traditional plastics made from petroleum, thermoplastic starch (TPS), a biodegradable and renewable polymer made from natural starch sources, has attracted a lot of interest. A detailed review of current developments in TPS research is provided in this paper, with an emphasis on material development, techniques for processing, property improvement, and applications. Technological advancements in plasticization techniques, such as the application of new plasticisers and blending agents, have enhanced the mechanical strength, water resistance, and thermal stability of TPS. TPS’s potential has been further enhanced by nanocomposites and hybrid materials, which allow for customised qualities for particular industrial uses like packaging, agricultural, and biomedical devices. Furthermore, long-standing issues with TPS’s moisture sensitivity and retro-gradation have been resolved by current efforts in interaction and chemical modification. This study focuses on the biodegradability and environmental effects of TPS-based materials, emphasising their function in circular economy initiatives. In order to inform the creation of next-generation biodegradable materials, this study summarises the most recent research on TPS and describes current trends and future directions in the field.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES ON THE GROWTH PARAMETERS OF FOUR MAIZE VARIETIES INFESTED WITH FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN HADEJIA, JIGAWA STATE
Baita, H.U, Department of Biological of Sciences, Sule Lamido University, K/Hausa.
Kutama, A. S., Department of Plant Biology, Federal University Dutse.
Auyo, M. I., Department of Plant Biology, Federal University Dutse.
Dangora, I. I., Department of Plant Biology, Federal University Dutse.
Abdullahi, H.I., Department of Biological of Sciences, Sule Lamido University, K/Hausa.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/17785115 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
Maize is one of the most popular food crops in Nigeria is widely consume by millions of Nigerians and also used for the product of animal feeds. However, the maize plant in field is suffering from many biotic constrains, one which is vascular wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of different fungicides in the control of this disease. The Experiment was conducted at Botanical Garden, Federal University Dutse to determine the relative efficacy of some seed treatments fungicides in the control of fusarium wilt in four varieties of maize (Quality protein maize, Early maturing maize, Susuma maize and hybrid variety maize). The four seed treatment fungicides were Seed care, Blast force, Dress force, and Z force). The experimental design was 4×4 factorials laid out in Completely Randomized Design with four replications given a total of 64 treatment combinations. The procedure of general linear model was employed to analyze the data. Results of this experiment showed that all the four Fungicides demonstrated effectiveness in controlling wilt diseases, with the Seed Care fungicide proving to be the most effective in reducing disease incidence. Fungicide treatments also positively influenced plant growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, and chlorophyll content.
Keywords: maize varieties, wilt, Fusarium oxysporum, disease incidence %, growth parameters.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
