A Comparative Framework for Foundation Selection in Saturated Tropical High-Plasticity Clays: Optimization of Mass Housing Infrastructure
Abdul A. Koroma, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fourah Bay College, Mount Aureol, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
Victor S. Kamara, Department of Civil, Mining and Process Engineering, School of Engineering, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
Micheal Kingsley Afful, Innovative Solutions Consultancy SL LTD Freetown, Sierra Leone.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19499474 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
Constructing heavy infrastructure on high-plasticity tropical clays presents significant challenges regarding total and differential settlement. This research compares the performance of shallow foundations (spread and raft) against bored cast-in-situ piles in the “fat clay” (CH) deposits of Sonfonia, Guinea. Using Terzaghi and Peck’s method for elastic settlement and Meyerhof’s bearing capacity theory, the study demonstrates that under permanent submerged conditions, settlement exceeds 130mm for shallow footings, rendering them unfeasible for multi-story structures. A proposed foundation solution of using raft or pile systems is analyzed, showing a significant reduction in serviceability-limit movements. The paper provides a decision-making framework for selecting foundation types in saturated, settlement-sensitive tropical soil profiles.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Ecclesial Response to the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon: A Path to Restoring Peaceful Coexistence among Citizens
Becky Misom Kibie, Cameroon Baptist Theological Seminary, Ndu of The Cameroon Baptist Convention.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19498463 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, which began in 2016, has greatly affected unity and peaceful coexistence among citizens. This crisis can be traced back to colonial rule and the unification of both Francophones and Anglophones in 1961, which has led to protests, strikes, school closures in some parts of the Anglophone region, deaths, and property destruction, among others. The failure to address the Anglophone Crisis threatens the federation with separation between the Anglophones (English speakers) and the Francophones (French speakers) in Cameroon. An attempt to render the regions uncontrollable by the government has created an environment that has prevented citizens from peaceful coexistence. The absence of Peaceful coexistence continues to be a significant challenge for Cameroonian society today.
Peaceful coexistence is essential in Cameroon: it builds healthy relationships, fosters a sense of togetherness, enhances individual growth, and strengthens society. However, peaceful coexistence can be restored in Cameroon so that the citizens can coexist harmoniously. It can be achieved when the ecclesial (Church) responds to the Anglophone Crisis.
The absence of peaceful coexistence is evident in the tensions between the Cameroon military forces and the Ambazonia defense forces. Also, some people cannot freely move along certain routes in the country, and government workers cannot travel spontaneously across the Anglophone region (Roberts, 2022). Therefore, this paper examines the ecclesia’s response to the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, aiming to restore peaceful coexistence among citizens.
Keywords: Peaceful coexistence, Cameroon, Church, crisis, restoration
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIVE MEDIATION APPROACH IN MANAGING CONFLICTS AMONG STAFF MEMBERS OF THE CONTEMPORARY CHURCH
Samari Francis Tandap, Ngu Baptist church, Wowo Association, Ndu Field, The Cameroon Baptist Convention.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19498324 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
Transformative mediation is all about managing and resolving conflicts among staff members of the contemporary Church to enhance the Church’s spiritual and relational growth. Multi-staff congregations are very common nowadays due to the rapid growth of the Church, and such growth will always come with its challenges. One of the challenges is conflict, and if it is not well handled, the Church will suffer disintegration. This paper, therefore, postulated that transformative mediation plays a critical role in managing conflicts among contemporary church staff members by shifting the Focus from resolving a specific dispute to transforming the relationship between the conflicting parties. A qualitative method was used to identify the principles required for transformative mediation to be pragmatic in the context of conflicts among church staff. A biblical foundation was highlighted to integrate secular principles with scriptural values in bringing holistic transformation to conflicting parties. The researcher discovered that transformative mediation empowers conflicting individuals by respecting, recognizing and transforming them to develop lasting relationships after reconciliation and restoration. Conclusively, this paper focuses on mediators whose aim is not just to settle disputes but to foster lasting relationships among conflicting Church members after reconciliation. The principles in this paper can also be used to resolve family, societal, intertribal and political conflicts by bringing genuine relationships among the conflicting parties. Using scripture in transformative mediation can make the approach more holistic, fostering change for the parties involved.
Keywords: Transformative, Mediation, Conflict management, Staff Members, Contemporary and Church.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN DEVELOPMENTAL LEADERSHIP AND CHURCH ADMINISTRATION
Dr. Olalekan Fatiloro, Department of Administration and Leadership, Faculty of Education.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19449907 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
The relationship between developmental leadership and church administration has become increasingly significant in contemporary ministry, as churches strive to remain effective, mission-driven, and adaptive in a rapidly changing environment. Developmental leadership emphasizes the growth and empowerment of individuals, equipping them with skills, values, and capacities necessary for sustained organizational effectiveness. In church administration, which involves coordinating resources, personnel, programs, and structures, adopting developmental leadership principles enhances team competence, participation, and shared responsibility. Drawing on scholarly insights, this study highlights how developmental leadership fosters capacity building, leadership continuity, and organizational growth within the church. Furthermore, integrating developmental leadership into administrative systems supports sustainability, innovation, and effective governance, enabling churches to navigate administrative complexities while advancing their spiritual mission. This paper examines the conceptual foundations, challenges, and interrelationships between developmental leadership and church administration, offering a framework to enhance both leadership effectiveness and institutional performance.
Keywords: Developmental Leadership and Church Administration
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
THE DYNAMICS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND SERVANT LEADERSHIP: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND CULTURE IN NIGERIA
Oladele Olubukola Olabode, Ph. D, Department of Administration and Leadership, Faculty of Education.
Olalekan Fatiloro, Ph. D, The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19449789 | Page 01 to 22
Abstract
Leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping organizational performance, efficiency, and workplace culture. Among contemporary leadership approaches, transformational and Servant leadership have attracted growing scholarly and practical interest due to their emphasis on motivation, ethical conduct, and people-centered management. Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring followers through vision, innovation, and individualized support to achieve organizational goals. In contrast, servant leadership prioritizes the needs, growth, and well-being of employees, fostering collaboration and ethical organizational cultures. Understanding the implications of these leadership styles is particularly important in dynamic and culturally diverse environments. Within the Nigerian organizational context, leadership effectiveness is influenced by socio-cultural values, economic conditions, and institutional structures. These contextual factors shape how leadership behaviors are perceived and how they affect employee attitudes, performance, and organizational culture. Transformational leadership may be especially effective in promoting innovation, competitiveness, and goal attainment in performance-driven organizations.
In contrast, servant leadership may enhance employee commitment, ethical behavior, and supportive workplace relationships in contexts that emphasize communal values and interpersonal connections. Through a qualitative approach, the study examines transformational and Servant leadership styles and analyzes their implications for organizational performance and culture in Nigeria. It compares the two leadership approaches, identifies their strengths and limitations, and examines the contextual factors that influence their effectiveness. The findings provide practical insights for organizational leaders, policymakers, and human resource practitioners seeking to improve leadership practices that enhance productivity, uphold ethical standards, and foster positive organizational cultures. The study also contributes to the broader leadership literature by contextualizing leadership theory within a culturally nuanced environment.
Keywords: Dynamics, Transformational Leadership, Servant Leadership, Organizational Performance and Culture
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Exploring Bacterial Diversity through Isolation and Characterization of Jamalpur and Sonatala Soil Series from Jamalpur District
Md. Kayes Mahmud, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Md. Rayhan Kabir, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Rashiduzzaman Emran, Additional Agriculture Officer, Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Sharmin Akter, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Amit Kumar, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Mahmudul Hasan Chowdhury, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19414559 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
Soil bacterial communities are essential contributors to nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and overall soil fertility. This study aimed to isolate, enumerate, and characterize bacterial populations from agricultural soils of Jamalpur and Sonatala, Bangladesh. Topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected aseptically and subjected to serial dilution, followed by spread plate inoculation on nutrient agar to obtain pure bacterial cultures. Morphological characterization included assessment of colony size, form, margin, elevation, and pigmentation, while cellular features were analyzed using simple, negative, Gram, capsule, spore, and acid-fast staining techniques. A total of seven and six distinct bacterial colonies were isolated from Jamalpur and Sonatala soils, respectively. The isolates displayed diverse morphologies, including rod-shaped and cocci forms with single and chain arrangements. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were present, with several exhibiting spore- and capsule-forming abilities, while all isolates were non-acid fast. Colony size, pigmentation, and structural diversity reflected metabolic heterogeneity and adaptability under varying soil conditions. The total bacterial counts were 7.5×10^7 CFU/g soil for Jamalpur and 7.4×10^7 CFU/g soil for Sonatala, indicating active and resilient microbial populations. The dominance of spore-forming Bacillus species and the presence of other Gram-negative bacteria suggest ecological significance in soil nutrient dynamics and potential applications in sustainable agriculture. These findings provide insights into microbial diversity in Bangladeshi soils and form a basis for further functional and molecular characterization.
Keywords: Jamalpur; Sonatala; Colony; morphology; Stain; Microbial diversity; CFU
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Bacterial Population, Diversity and Characterization of Balagonj and Goainghat Soil Series of Moulvibazar
Shah Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Md. Rayhan Kabir, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Md. Kayes Mahmud, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Mehedi Hasan, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Mahmudul Hasan Chowdhury, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19413878 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
Soil bacterial communities play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem functions, including nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and soil fertility. The present study investigated the bacterial populations in agricultural soils from Balagonj and Goainghat, Bangladesh, through isolation, enumeration, and morphological characterization. Total viable counts revealed bacterial populations of 6.5×10⁶ CFU/g soil in Balagonj and 5.4×10⁶ CFU/g soil in Goainghat. A total of six morphologically distinct bacterial colonies were isolated from each site, exhibiting variation in colony size, shape, margin, elevation, and pigmentation. Morphological examination indicated the presence of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, comprising rod-shaped and cocci forms arranged singly or in chains. Several isolates displayed spore-forming and capsule-forming capabilities, while acid-fast and non-acid-fast bacteria were also observed. The observed phenotypic diversity highlights the adaptability and ecological versatility of soil bacteria, reflecting their crucial role in sustaining soil health and fertility. These findings provide a foundation for further functional studies and potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Soil bacteria, Diversity, Gram stain, Spore, Capsule, Acid fast bacteria
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
Assessment of Bacterial Isolation and Characterization of Chhiata and Silmondi Soil Series of Madhupur Tract
Rashiduzzaman Emran, Additional Agriculture Officer, Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Md. Rayhan Kabir, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Md. Romanul Islam, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Md. Shahanur Rahman, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Sadia Afrin, Principal Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
Mahmudul Hasan Chowdhury, Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/19389247 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
This study investigated the bacterial diversity in two agricultural soils of Bangladesh, Chhiata and Silmondi. Soil samples were collected aseptically from the top 0–15 cm layer and subjected to isolation, purification, and enumeration of bacterial populations. Colony morphology, cellular characteristics, and staining properties were systematically examined to assess microbial diversity. The bacterial counts were 7.6×10^6 CFU/g soil for Chhiata and 6.5×10^6 CFU/g soil for Silmondi, reflecting active microbial communities. The isolates displayed considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, with variations in colony size, pigmentation, form, margin, and elevation. Morphological analysis revealed both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including rod-shaped and cocci forms with single and chain arrangements. Several isolates exhibited spore- and capsule-forming abilities, indicative of adaptive survival strategies under environmental stress. The findings corroborate previous studies from Bangladesh, highlighting the dominance of Bacillus spp., along with other Gram-negative, spore-forming bacteria such as Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Azospirillum spp. This study underscores the rich microbial diversity of Bangladeshi soils and emphasizes the ecological importance of soil bacteria in nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Bacillus spp., Gram-positive, Gram-negative, Colony, Morphology, Spore, Capsule
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
