ROLES OF COUNSELLORS IN MITIGATING PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MENOPAUSAL CHALLENGES AMONG WOMEN IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS, ENUGU STATE
Chigbu, Eberechukwu Francisca Ph. D, Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State.
Alphonsus Ekejiuba Oguzie Ph. D, Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State.
Christiana Ihuoma Ahaneku, Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State.
Udefi, Uchenna Roseline, College of Nursing Sciences, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu State.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18775866 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
This study examined the roles of counsellors in mitigating physical and psychological menopausal challenges among women attending public hospitals in Enugu State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. The population for the study comprised 30 counsellors drawn from five public hospitals in Enugu State. A structured questionnaire developed on a four-point Likert-type scale was used for data collection. The instrument consisted of six items and was face-validated by three experts from the Faculty of Education, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the Cronbach Alpha method, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.81, indicating that the instrument was reliable. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while the t-test statistic was used to test the hypothesis at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed, among others, that counsellors play significant roles in mitigating physical and psychological menopausal challenges among women attending public hospitals in Enugu State by empowering women through health education to understand and manage menopausal symptoms effectively, and by assisting women to develop coping strategies for managing the physical and emotional changes associated with menopause. Based on the findings, it was recommended that continuous staff training, retraining, and professional development programmes should be organized to strengthen the capacity and competence of counsellors in addressing menopausal symptoms and related challenges among women in public hospitals.
Keywords: Counselling, Physical and Psychological Menopausal Challenges, Women, Public Hospitals, Enugu State.
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Evaluation of Groundwater Potential in Takum Metropolis, North East Nigeria, Using the Electrical Resistivity Method.
Samuel Saleh, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Ayuni N.K., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Yusuf S., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Aboche E.F., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Ndom B.N., GSD Department, Air force Institute of Technology, Mando Kaduna.
Sa’adu B.A., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Osaro A.J., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Okeke D.V., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Achimugu A., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria.
Kozak A.A., Department of Physics, University of Jos, Plateau state Nigeria.
Moshud K. Musa, Federal university Wukari.
Sa’adu B. Abubakar, Federal university Wukari.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18775866 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
Vertical electrical sounding (VES) were taken at twelve (12) electrode equipped stations using the Schlumberger design, with spacing of =100m. The aim of the study is obtaining the geophysical parameters and hydrological conditions of the subsurface of the study area. Electrical resistivity was used to measure the depth dependent resistivity variations of the subsurface in groundwater investigation. Software programs Interpex IX1-D and surfer 12were used to examine the data. Two unique curve types can be seen in the examined result which are Q- type 8.3% and H-type have 91.7%. Iso-resistivity maps of = 70m and 100 m were produced. The anomaly was seen at Akpela in the northwest, Awuhe in the southwest and two minor anomalies are found in the southeast and northeast, hard resistive rocks are indicated in the research areas portion that corresponds to the 3-D model. The area is underlain by three to four geologic sequences, consisting of top soil, fractured/weathered basement, and fresh basement, according to a geo-electric section. Sand and silty minerals make up the topsoil, and they have resistivity and thickness values that range from 391 – 617 Ωm and 1.5 – 6.8 m. The second layer which is basically silty materials and fractured weathered granite consist of highly fracture/weathered basement with resistivity measurements between 15 – 189 Ωm and a thickness of 4 – 37 m. This layer has an appreciable thickness and can be consider to be water bearing zones. Fresh basement has resistivity values of 1878 – 7463 Ωm with infinite depth. Longitudinal conductance for twelve (12) VES points were utilized to determine the capacity to defend against overburden. Two VES points have excellent capabilities, six (6) have moderate, three (3) have weak and two (2) have poor protective capacity. Transverse resistance values range from 1373.90-6397.08 Ωm2 with an average value of 3712.08 Ωm2.
Key words: Groundwater potential, Iso-resistivity, Geo-electric section, Protective capacity and Takum
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GEO-ELECTRICAL INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL ZONES OF GASSOL L.G.A USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY METHOD
Moshud K. Musa, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Rimamsiwe Alfred, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Achimugu Augustina, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Mohammed F. Isa, Department of Physics, Modibbo Adama University Yola, Adamawa State.
Abubakar K. Orume, Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State.
Sa’adu B. Abubakar, Federal university Wukari.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18775291 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
Geophysical investigation of groundwater potential of Gassol L.G.A. Taraba state, Nigeria was carried out using electrical resistivity method ERM with the aim of evaluating the seasonal variation/change in boreholes water of the study area. A total of twenty five (25) vertical electrical sounding VES were conducted with maximum electrode spacing of 200 m for deeper aquifer depth investigation due to the hydrogeology of the area. The primary geoelectrical field data (apparent resistivity and strata thickness) were acquired using ABEM SAS 1000 Terameter and interpreted using Interpex software. The result revealed five (5) subsurface geoelectrical layers: topsoil, sandy-clay, clayed-sand, laterite, sandstone (aquifer) and consolidated sandstone. The resistivity values of the VES points were mostly low in the sedimentary terrain except in VES 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22 and 25. The resistivity and thickness values range from 0.186 Ωm to 9536.500 Ωm and 0.208 m – 80.760 m. Thickness of the aquifer stratum only does not determine the groundwater potential rather the porosity and permeability of this thick layer. Depth to aquifer range from 3.300 m to 93.700 m while the resistivity values of the aquifer ranged from 1.320 to 6463.500 Ωm with an unconfined aquifer presence in VES 2, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22 and 25 where the resistivity of the strata below the unconfined aquifers range from 0.186 Ωm to 86.390 Ωm. The seasonal change/variation in the groundwater potential of the study area is due to the depth of the unconfined aquifer used for drilling instead of the confined aquifer depth. Hydrogeological study and Proper geoelectrical resistivity survey with wide electrodes spacing (> 200 m) for deeper aquifer depth information should be conducted so to prevent seasonal variation/change of the groundwater potential from boreholes.
Keywords: sedimentary terrain, geoelectric resistivity parameters, porosity, permeability, groundwater potential, unconfined aquifer, aquifer depth
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Tiv–Jukun Conflict and Peace Building in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State (2015–2024)
Azawase AHMADU Benjamin, Taraba State University, Jalingo.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18774231 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
This study examined the protracted Tiv–Jukun conflict in the Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria, focusing on the dynamics of ethno-communal violence and the efficacy of peacebuilding initiatives between 2015 and 2024. Utilizing a descriptive survey design, the research analyzed primary data obtained from 293 respondents, including community leaders, traditional rulers, and security personnel, complemented by secondary sources from scholarly journals and government reports. Findings indicate that the primary drivers of the conflict are land ownership and boundary disputes, political competition, and ethnic identity rivalries, with mean scores ranging from 2.58 to 3.13. The study further reveals that the crisis has significant national security implications, contributing to the proliferation of small arms, forced displacement, and the emergence of militia groups. While government-led interventions and traditional mediation have achieved “negative peace” by reducing immediate violent clashes, they have failed to address the structural grievances underlying the conflict. Respondents expressed notable skepticism regarding the resolution of land disputes and equitable resource sharing. Consequently, the research concludes that peacebuilding efforts remain superficial due to their reactive nature. The study recommends the adoption of inclusive, community-driven frameworks, comprehensive land reform, and the institutionalization of traditional dispute resolution mechanisms to foster sustainable peace and social justice in the region.
Keywords: Tiv–Jukun conflict; peace building; ethno-communal violence
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Analysis of Caste and Class Dynamics in Vikram Seth's A Suitable Boy
Hiba Afzal, Mphil English Literature, Riphah International University, Pakistan
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18767157 | Page 01 to 32
Abstract
Vikram Seth’s A Suitable Boy (1993) presents a panoramic vision of post-independence India, wherein caste and class operate as overlapping systems that simultaneously constrain and facilitate social mobility, individual agency, and political participation. This study examines how Seth’s narrative techniques—particularly his deployment of Gérard Genette’s focalization theory—construct and critique the persistence of caste hierarchies and class stratification in 1950s India. Through systematic analysis of internal, zero, and external focalization across the novel’s interwoven family narratives, this research demonstrates that Seth’s narrative architecture itself constitutes a form of social critique. By shifting perspectives among characters of varying caste and class positions, Seth exposes the lived experience of discrimination, the complicity of state institutions in maintaining inequality, and the partial, contested nature of democratic reform. The study reveals that while Seth portrays class mobility as possible through education and professional achievement, caste remains the dominant framework regulating marriage, political representation, and social legitimacy. Furthermore, the narrative’s strategic withholding of focalization from Dalit characters reflects—and critically comments upon—the structural silencing of subaltern voices in both literature and society. This research contributes to postcolonial narratology by demonstrating how formal literary analysis illuminates the ideological operations of caste and class in Indian English fiction.
Keywords: Caste hierarchies, class mobility, focalization theory, Gérard Genette, Vikram Seth, postcolonial India, narrative perspective, subaltern silence, intersectionality
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PARTNERSHIP PATTERN AND CONTRIBUTION OF POISON CASSAVA FARMING INCOME TO FARMERS' HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN NIBUNG VILLAGE, BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS, INDONESIA
Andri, Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University.
Indri Januarti, Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University.
Muhammad Andri Zuliansyah, Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University.
Maulidia Triyuliani, Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18749481 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
Poisonous cassava plants have high adaptability to their agroecological conditions and contribute to the total income of farmer households. In the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, especially Nibung Village, poison cassava has developed as a farmer’s household business. However, the position of poison cassava farmers in the agribusiness system still tends to be weak, especially in terms of market control and pricing. This condition encourages the formation of a partnership pattern between farmers and collectors or processing business actors. This study aims to analyze the partnership patterns applied in poisonous cassava farming and measure the contribution of income to the total household income of farmers. The research method used in this study is a survey. Meanwhile, the sample extraction method used in this study is a simple random method, which totals 33 samples. The data obtained from the field is presented in tabulation and continued with mathematical data processing and explained descriptively in the discussion, to answer the first goal. Then to answer the second goal, namely how much it contributes to the total household income of farmers using farming analysis and calculation of contribution to household income. The results of this study can be found that the pattern of farmer partnerships in poisonous cassava is using the general trade partnership pattern. Its contribution to family income is 25%.
Keywords: Partnership pattern, poison cassava, income, household
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The Searching for Increasing the GDP Value with the Steel Producing Amount Analysis & the USA Top States’ GDP Variation from California to Indiana Accordingly through Sustainably Observing
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materails Eng., Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Jing Yu, Yantai Institute of Technology, Economics and Management Dept., Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18748291 | Page 01 to 11
Abstract
The GDP as an indicating economy would have a significant effect, so that the variation status might influence the whole national economic level & quality gradually because the China already entered into the 13 ten thousand dollars threshold that will be a developing milestone. We should continue to develop to 20 ten thousand dollars one sustainably through utilizing our nation people wisdom and behavior. It is believed that after ten year the new era can be open for us to experience and share. At the same time, the new quality productivity will become an indication direction that can be cultivated from now on so as to acquire a high-technology & high-sustainability one. Like Winder turbine, Photovoltaic voltage, nuclear-reaction piles, low-air economy etc that definitely can bring out new innovation behavior for instructing further advanced technology.Thereby, the high-tech production would occupy the most part for us to pursue the high-efficiency and high-level environment that might become our further destination for producing more innovation production continually. So that the enough educating new engineer and talents enable us to process more space for searching more functional ones with more diversities business. Because those diversities may make our life to become more convenient and comfortable through endeavoring our engineers and experts for the sake of positively participating their each research theme and making an interesting conception under main principles. In USA the more sophisticated project will affect their GDP enhancement through widely collecting the world top scientists and scholars to process more deepening research and science that may occupy their first-one country with stabilized leading effectiveness. From California to Missouri state the higher GDP would reflect the entire nation quality and level through the aeronautics̖ out-space exploration̖ lunar landing etc. a series of scientific research are able to continually process that makes the USA to become No. 1 in mostly all of the fields. Even they proceeded the Mars etc. approaching and rotating & landing works many years ago. Moreover, they owned the most amount nuclear weapons with several thousands that may destroy the whole earth once the nuclear war happens. So we should pay more attention to the USA who may affect its role in every aspects in the earth. Thereby, China will raise up becoming the second GDP big country who may prohibit USA military and limit its development and enlarging behavior too.
Keywords: Searching for; analyzing; from California to Indiana States; steel producing amount; the USA GDP Variation; sustainably observing
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The Searching for Thriving the China Twenty- Two Provinces’ Income per capita in 2025 & Increasing the USA States’ GDP Value by California~Texas States & Illinois~Florida States etc.
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materails Eng., Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsangnam-Do, South Korea.
Jing Yu, Yantai Institute of Technology, Economics and Management Dept., Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18747753 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
The USA GDP with top five sates’ variation status analysis would show 317~260 billion yuan by Massachusetts~Washington states accordingly explained the Massachusetts one strong economy strength and capacity in 2003 in light of this paper. The y-y value might indicate 4.2%~4.8% by them respectively recorded their modest growth step. In contrast, the Virginia one maintained the fastest step with 6.3%. On the other side, the China top 11 provinces’ income per capita variation analysis in 2025 would show 35~42 thousand yuan by Shan’xi &Inner Mongoria respectively expressed their higher income. Moreover, all of those top 11 provinces surpassed the whole country average 3.5 thousand. Thereby, the high-tech production would occupy the most part for us to be pursuit the high-efficiency and high-level environment that might become our further destination for producing more innovation production continually. So that the enough educating new engineer and talents enable us to process more space for searching more functional ones with more diversities business. Because those diversities may make our life to become more convenient and comfortable through endeavoring our engineers and experts for the sake of positively participating their each research theme and making an interesting conception under main principles. In USA the more sophisticated project will affect their GDP enhancement through widely collecting the world top scientists and scholars to process more deepening research and science that may occupy their first-one country with stabilized leading effectiveness. From California to Missouri state the higher GDP would reflect the entire nation quality and level through the aeronautics̖ out-space exploration̖ lunar landing etc. a series of scientific research are able to continually process that makes the USA to become No. 1 in all of the fields. Even they proceeded the Mars etc. approaching and rotating &landing works many years ago. Moreover, they owned the most amount nuclear weapons with several thousand that may destroy the whole earth once the nuclear war happens. So we should pay more attention to the USA who may affect its role in every aspects in the earth. Thereby, China will raise up becoming the second GDP big country who may prohibit USA military and limit its development and enlarging behavior too.
Keywords: Searching for; thriving China Provinces’ Income per capita; in 2025; the USA GDP Variation, Sustainably observing; Illinois~Florida
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The geobiological hypothesis of carcinogenesis: the causes of cancer, the method of its elimination, and the consequences of this elimination
Vladimir S. Shchukin, Honorary Academician of the International Academy of Sciences and innovative technologies (IASIT) Ukraine 03194, Kiev, 14-E Koltsova Blvd.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18738216 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
The approach described is based on the author’s previously formulated new natural science paradigm of geobiocentrism (GBC) and the geobiological hypothesis of carcinogenesis (GHC) – part of GBC. Organisms do not adapt to their external environment on their own, rather, the external environment adapts them to its conditions by exerting energetic pressure on their genome. “…Where physiological adaptation ceases, genetic adaptation takes effect” (Ervin S. Bauer). Homo sapiens exhausted its energy resources for “physiological adaptation” and the environment (the Biosphere) forced it to transition to the stage of “genetic adaptation. Cancer is a manifestation of the human body’s “genetic adaptation” to ever-increasing environmental pressure on its genome. The following classification of cancer causes is proposed: primary cause, secondary causes, main cause and direct cause; the mechanisms of action are also considered. The external environmental pressure factors include the composition of the atmosphere and the Earth’s electromagnetic field (EEMF) and its component, the Earth’s electric field (EEF). Humans are unable to eliminate these pressure factors, as they are driving forces of the evolution of living matter of the Biosphere. The solution to the problem of cancer lies in mitigating the process of “genetic adaptation” by spreading it from a single cell to the entire organism. method of eliminating cancer and the risk of cancer occurrence. Examples of “solving the problem of cancer” in nature, based on the same principle, are given. It is assumed that the method needs to be experimentally verified.
Keywords: natural science paradigm of geobiocentrism, geobiological hypothesis of carcinogenesis, primary cause of cancer, main cause of cancer, direct cause of cancer, solution to the problem of cancer, method of eliminating cancer and the risk of its occurrence.
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Research on Strategies to Accelerate the Development of Rural Sports Tourism in Hainan under the Free Trade Port Background
HERU, Graduate School of Management Postgraduate Centre Management and Science University Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18733813 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
Against the backdrop of upgrading health demands, the construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port, and the establishment of a national sports tourism demonstration zone, rural sports tourism has become a key lever for both the transformation and upgrading of Hainan’s tourism industry and the implementation of rural revitalization. Although Hainan enjoys high-quality tropical ecological conditions and rich ethnic cultural resources, it still faces multiple constraints, including insufficient resource development, product homogeneity, lagging infrastructure and shortages of professional talent. Based on questionnaire surveys conducted in 28 typical villages in Hainan (valid samples, n = 568) and in-depth interviews in 12 villages, this study employs factor analysis to construct an evaluation model and extracts five common factors—“government support,” “enterprise management,” “locational environment,” “resource characteristics,” and “consumption characteristics”—with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 78.3%. The results show that the “government support” factor has the highest variance contribution (32.6%), significantly exceeding that of “enterprise management” (18.5%) and “locational environment” (15.2%), highlighting the dominant role of government in the development of rural sports tourism. On this basis, the paper proposes countermeasures from both governmental and enterprise perspectives, including improving policies, regulations and planning systems, strengthening infrastructure and talent cultivation, optimizing spatial layouts, and fostering characteristic products and market linkages, thereby constructing a collaborative development framework in which government plays a leading role and enterprises actively participate. The study provides theoretical support and practical pathways for the integrated development of rural sports tourism and rural revitalization in Hainan.
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Comparative analysis of composites made from Polyester-LDPE wastes and mix of Polyester-Wool with LDPE wastes
Neway Seboka, Department of weaving and knitting research and development desk, Textile and garment industry research and development center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18733765 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
During the manufacturing process of textile fibres into yarns, fabrics and apparel products, process wastes are generated in each of the production stages. Although the amount of generated wastes varies from natural fibres to synthetic fibres, the wastes generated from synthetic fibres are more dangerous to human health and the environment at large. So, in this research it has been tried to produce composite products from polyester and polyester-wool mix textile reinforcements with LDPE matrix wastes. The fabrication is made with compression moulding machine at a melting temperature of 1600c, a pressure of 1.5MPa for 5 minutes. So, based on the testing and characterizations made, composites made from 100% polyester-LDPE wastes exhibit higher results in impact resistance and compression strength tests. However, composites made from 63% polyester, 35% wool & 2% elastomer-LDPE wastes shows higher results in tensile and flexural strength tests.
Keywords: Polyester, wool, LDPE, wastes, composite, mechanical tests
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Performance evaluation of composites produced from mix of jute, flax, polyester, wool and LDPE wastes
Neway Seboka, Department of weaving and knitting research and development desk, Textile and garment industry research and development center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18733715 | Page 01 to 13
Abstract
While changing textile fibres into yarns, fabrics and apparel products, considerable amounts of process wastes are generated. The amount of generated wastes is different for natural and synthetic fibres. Wastes are higher while processing natural fibres than synthetic ones. Traditionally, such textile wastes are either sold with scrap values or disposed to the environment as solid wastes. As thermoplastic materials are utilized for different holding, packaging and container purposes, they are being used till today. However, while using them, damages may occur to them and will get discarded. So, this research tries to develop an advanced and engineered composite product from the waste mixtures of jute, flax, polyester and wool as reinforcements and LDPE waste as matrix. Compression moulding machine has been used and with a melting temperature of 1600c & a pressure of 1.5MPa for 5 minutes, composite products have been produced. The products have been tested and characterized for; tensile, flexural, compression and impact resistance strength tests and found results of 10MPa, 7.06MPa, 10.01MPa and 35.731J respectively. These results have been compared and evaluated with other composite products made from wastes and the comparisons show the developed composite product can be a potential candidate to be used in fencing and boarding panel application areas.
Keywords: Textile wastes, LDPE waste, Compression moulding, Composite, Performance tests
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An Innovation Searching for Boosting the Soviet Union &Western Germany Nations and Italy &Eastern Germany etc. GDP Increasement Analysis
Run Xu, Gyeongsang National University, School of Nano New Materials Engineering, Jinju-Si 52828, Gyeongsanganm-Do, South Korea.
Wanhao Wu, Yantai Institute of Technology, Economics and Management Dept., Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
Guanghui Yu, Yantai Institute of Technology, Economics and Management Dept., Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18730623 | Page 01 to 10
Abstract
The education course will affect the futural industries development on the views of affording more competitive talent like scientist who would be completing his expertise drill in university for the sake of acquiring good job after he graduates from university. With meeting the futural industries development they need to be educated the high-tech knowledge so that he will utilize the relevant one to proceed his research and development work independently and collaboratively. Thereby he need to communicate with others fluently and skillfully or he will meet the autism that affects him to complete the task smoothly. Our teacher can find that fact and help him to conquer the difficulty for the declining sacrifice early so that he may continue to graduate from university and enter society and find good job for him to burden a new task in R &D department dedicated to the society responsibility. So that our society can make the continual development from easy to difficulty and from zero to 1,000 attained a complicate situation and create the new-high-tech product continuously with artificial intelligence algorism under big-language modal environment. Therefore, we need more qualified scientist to participate the innovation product research and development sustainably for the sake of commonly progressing our new products to be exhibit in market like cafe & restaurant to move the coffee & cuisine conveniently. We can only order the cuisine through touching small ordering screen to choose what to need, so simple. Thereby the comfortable service will be provided by that artificial intelligence moving robot according to the demand of customers. If they can speak simple greet language it is so good with language model to assemble it for paying attention to their coming. So that there is so much robot etc. innovation product exhibition to make our life level step a higher hierarchical structure. We also join the robot making work and invent more their equipment to be convenient to others through our continually research work. We should aware we are to experience a new era working with robot, so we should also learn it and make some advice for improving their enhancement property. At the end the high-technology product like robot etc innovative ones will change the life mode ultimately that may be beneficial to improve the GDP value in some degree. Thereby we should continuously study and search for its futural widely usefulness with our scientist talents together who will put-in the commanding order into chip for it that will change the world through lately exhibiting robot heat. On the other side, the computer skill and technology will help to develop the live convenience and comfortability with plugging chip etc. integrated circuit designed through editing the computer language’s function.
Keywords: boosting GDP value increasement; Soviet Union &Western Germany Nations; Italy &Eastern Germany; innovation research; sustainably; publish papers
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Radio as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria
Chike Walter Duru, Ph. D, Associate Professor, Mass Communication Department of Mass Communication Faculty of Social and Management Sciences Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Monsurat Kamaldeen Badrdeen, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18710923 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a global framework designed to address pressing socio-economic and environmental challenges. In developing countries such as Nigeria, communication platforms play a critical role in mobilizing public awareness, participation, and behavioural change required for the realization of the SDGs. This paper examines radio as a strategic medium for advancing sustainable development in Nigeria. Using a conceptual and theoretical review approach, the study explores radio’s role in development communication, its comparative advantage over other media in rural and marginalized communities, and its influence on public awareness and participation in SDG-related initiatives. Anchored on Development Media Theory and Agenda Setting Theory, the paper argues that radio remains the most accessible and culturally adaptable medium for grassroots development communication in Nigeria. The study concludes that strengthening radio programming, enhancing policy support, and integrating community-based broadcasting approaches are essential for maximizing radio’s contribution to sustainable development.
Keywords: Radio Broadcasting, Sustainable Development Goals, Development Communication, Nigeria
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Public Relations Approaches for Enhancing Sustainable Development Goal Awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa
Chike Walter Duru, Ph. D, Associate Professor, Mass Communication Department of Mass Communication Faculty of Social and Management Sciences Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18710696 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The successful implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa depends not only on policy formulation but also on effective public awareness, stakeholder engagement, and participatory communication. This study examines the role of public relations (PR) strategies in enhancing SDG awareness and fostering active citizen participation across the region. Using a qualitative, exploratory approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with PR practitioners, government communication officers, media professionals, and community leaders, complemented by document analysis of development communication campaigns. Findings reveal that media relations, community engagement, advocacy, and digital communication are central to raising awareness and building trust among diverse stakeholders. Integrated, culturally adapted, and participatory PR approaches were found to be most effective in promoting comprehension, local ownership, and behavioural change. Anchored on the Excellence Theory of Public Relations, Stakeholder Theory, and the Two-Way Symmetrical Communication Model, the study concludes that strategic public relations is a critical mechanism for bridging the SDG awareness gap, enhancing stakeholder collaboration, and improving the sustainability of development initiatives. Recommendations include adopting multi-platform communication strategies, prioritizing community engagement, leveraging digital tools, and strengthening capacity and coordination among development actors.
Keywords: Public Relations, Sustainable Development Goals, Stakeholder Engagement, Development Communication, Sub-Saharan Africa, Strategic Communication
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Opportunities and Challenges of Up-scaling and Diversifying Sisal Production in Eswatini: a case of Ekupheleni Chiefdom
Sinenhlanhla Mbalenhle Motsa, Department of Geography, Environmental Science and Planning, University of Eswatini Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni, Eswatini.
Saico Sibusiso Singwane, Department of Geography, Environmental Science and Planning, University of Eswatini Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni, Eswatini.
Ian Besman van Zuydam, Department of Geography, Environmental Science and Planning, University of Eswatini Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni, Eswatini.
Sipho Felix Mamba, Department of Geography, Environmental Science and Planning, University of Eswatini Private Bag 4 Kwaluseni, Eswatini.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18710464 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
This study assesses the opportunities and challenges of up-scalling and diversifying sisal production in the Kingdom of Eswatini, using the Ekupheleni chiefdom as a case study. A cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews administered to 200 conveniently selected heads of households and 32 participants in the sisal industry, identified via a list provided by the Home Economics Department within the Ministry of Agriculture. Additional data were gathered through key informant interviews with four extension officers from the same ministry and department, as well as through direct community observations. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using frequency tables and graphs. The findings indicate that opportunities for up-scalling and diversifying sisal production in Eswatini include an improved standard of living and a steady flow of income. Key challenges include a lack of knowledge regarding sisal cultivation and processing, as well as insufficient finances for purchasing seedlings. To ensure community needs and concerns are addressed, the study recommends involving communities in all planning stages. Furthermore, conducting market research to analyze existing and potential markets for sisal fibre and diversified products is essential to understand consumer preferences and price points.
Keywords: sisal production, opportunities and challenges, Ekupheleni chiefdom, Eswatini.
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CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT GROWTH IN NIGERIA: 1993-2024
F.N. Okoro., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
R.O. Mejaha., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
M.E. Njoku., Department of Agricultural Economics, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
K.H. Anyiam, Department of Agricultural Economics, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18710248 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
This study investigates the relative effects of capital accumulation in agriculture and agricultural output growth in Nigeria using annual time-series data covering the period 1993–2024. The specific objectives were to examine the factors which influence capital accumulation in the agricultural sector in Nigeria, measure the relative effects of capital accumulation and financial inclusion on the growth of agricultural output in Nigeria. Robust regression techniques with heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC/Newey–West) standard errors were employed, while standardized coefficients were used to assess the relative importance of the explanatory variables. Diagnostic tests confirm the reliability of the estimated models: the Breusch–Pagan test shows no evidence of heteroskedasticity (LM = 3.0433, p = 0.5506), the Jarque–Bera test confirms normality of residuals (JB = 0.4083, p = 0.8153), and the Breusch–Godfrey test indicates no serial correlation (LM = 0.1254, p = 0.9392), supported by a Durbin–Watson statistic of 1.7357. Variance Inflation Factor results further suggest acceptable multicollinearity levels. The results indicate that growth in net national savings (g_NNS) has the strongest positive association with agricultural output growth, being statistically significant in Model 2 (β = 0.0230, p = 0.010) and recording the highest standardized coefficient in Model 1 (β = 0.373). Human capital formation growth (g_HCF) shows a positive but weaker effect. In contrast, gross fixed capital formation growth (g_GFCF) and financial inclusion (FII) exhibit negative and statistically insignificant relationships with agricultural output. Overall, the findings suggest that domestic savings and human capital formation are more effective drivers of agricultural growth in Nigeria than aggregate investment and broad financial inclusion measures. The study recommends rural savings schemes, increased investment in farmer education, and addressing structural bottlenecks in Agricultural Financing.
Keywords: Agricultural output, Capital accumulation, financial inclusion, Net national savings, Human capital, Nigeria
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Regulatory Reforms, Non-Performing Loans, and Financial Stability in Nigeria
Miriam Osondu-Ekekwe, Sustainable Development Centre University of Abuja.
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Rasheed Alao, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18693277 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
The effectiveness of regulatory reforms in improving financial stability remains a central issue in banking regulation, particularly in developing economies where institutional capacity and enforcement challenges persist. In Nigeria, the enactment of the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA) 2020 represents a major regulatory reform aimed at strengthening supervision, governance, and risk management within the banking sector. This study assesses the impact of regulatory reforms and non-performing loans on financial stability in Nigeria over the period 2008-2023. Financial stability is measured using a composite banking stability index, while regulatory reform is captured through a policy dummy distinguishing the pre- and post-BOFIA 2020 periods. Non-performing loans and capital adequacy are included as key control variables. Employing regression analysis and Granger causality tests, the study finds that regulatory reforms have a positive and statistically significant effect on financial stability, indicating that enhanced supervisory powers and regulatory enforcement contribute to systemic resilience. However, non-performing loans exert a strong negative impact on financial stability, highlighting persistent asset quality challenges that weaken the effectiveness of reforms. Capital adequacy is found to complement regulatory reforms by strengthening banks’ loss-absorbing capacity. The findings contribute to institutional regulation theory by providing empirical evidence that regulatory reforms improve stability when supported by adequate capitalization and effective credit risk management. From a policy perspective, the study emphasizes the need for sustained enforcement of BOFIA 2020, improved loan recovery frameworks, and stronger coordination between regulators and the judicial system. The study concludes that while regulatory reforms have strengthened Nigeria’s financial stability, addressing non-performing loans remains critical to achieving durable systemic resilience.
Keywords: Regulatory Reform, Non-Performing Loans, Financial Stability, BOFIA 2020
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Role of Solar Energy in Nigeria’s Energy Transition: Pathways and Strategies for Accelerated Decarbonization
Aliyu Dahiru Ismaila, Centre for Sustainable Development University of Abuja.
Sule Magaji, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18692524 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The global push for decarbonization has positioned solar energy as a cornerstone of sustainable energy transitions, particularly in developing economies with abundant solar resources. Nigeria, despite experiencing average daily solar irradiation of 3.5–7.0 kWh/m², continues to derive less than 5% of its electricity from solar power, relying predominantly on fossil fuels. This study examines the role of solar energy in Nigeria’s decarbonization pathway by assessing its technical viability, socio-economic potential, and policy barriers. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 150 staff of the Energy Commission of Nigeria through structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions, supplemented with secondary reports. Descriptive and inferential statistics, supported by thematic analysis, were employed for interpretation. Results reveal that while solar technologies are widely perceived as technically feasible for large-scale deployment, weak fiscal incentives, grid integration challenges, and regulatory inconsistencies significantly constrain adoption. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant relationship between solar adoption and carbon emission reduction (F = 2.414; p < 0.05), underscoring its potential to drive national decarbonization. The study concludes that scaling solar deployment offers Nigeria a dual advantage of mitigating energy poverty and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thereby advancing Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13. It recommends the establishment of coherent policy frameworks, investment in grid modernization and storage technologies, and targeted incentives to attract private investment.
Keywords: Solar energy, Energy transition, Decarbonization, Renewable energy, Policy Frameworks, Grid Integration, Sustainable Development Goals and Carbon Emissions.
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Electrifying Nigeria’s Transport Sector: Prospects, Barriers, and Implications for Carbon Emission Reduction
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Aliyu Dahiru Ismaila, Centre for Sustainable Development University of Abuja.
Sule Magaji, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18692096 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The transport sector is a major contributor to Nigeria’s carbon emissions and urban air pollution, driven by an almost total reliance on fossil fuel vehicles. This study assesses the prospects, barriers, and implications of electrifying Nigeria’s transport sector as a strategy for carbon emission reduction. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from a survey of 147 staff of the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN) with qualitative insights. Findings reveal a strong consensus (72.79%) that electric vehicle (EV) adoption can significantly reduce transport emissions, with statistical analysis confirming that electrification has a measurable impact on CO₂ reduction. However, critical barriers persist, including an unreliable power grid (with 63.27% of respondents doubting its readiness for widespread EV charging), high import duties on EVs (identified by 72.11% as a major market barrier), and inadequate charging infrastructure. The study concludes that while transport electrification presents a viable pathway for Nigeria to meet its climate goals and achieve co-benefits like improved public health and energy security, its success hinges on targeted policy interventions. Key recommendations include enacting fiscal incentives like import duty waivers, developing a national electric mobility policy, and investing in renewable-energy-powered charging infrastructure to enable a sustainable transition.
Keywords: Electric Vehicles, Transport Decarbonization, Carbon Emission Reduction and Sustainable Mobility
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Did a single god or a huge number of quanta, constitute nature and the world
İsmet Gedik, Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Geology, Trabzon.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18605475 | Page 01 to 162
Abstract
Geological records and astrophysical data show that nature and our world have developed over a period of billions of years. Physics and chemistry show that the most basic particles of matter, called atoms, are forming higher levels like molecules and cells. Quantum physics experiments show that the factor that triggers and directs all these formations and developments is energy, being in the form quanta as the most basic elements of interactions and vitality. Dynamical–systems-physics show that these most basic elements of vitality, called quantum, are knowledgeable – conscious, interrelated with each other at the universal level and stimulate the capacity to create information. It turns out that there is a development system in nature starting from the lower levels towards the upper levels. In any organisation the higher level depends upon the lower level. In life, the individual is the lower-level, the state is the upper-level. If the rule of the natural system were valid, the state would have to be dependent on individuals. However, individuals are dependent on the state. This does not fit into the natural system at all. When the origin of such an application, which is completely contrary to the natural-system, is investigated, it is understood that there is a misconception that the creation in nature is carried out by a system of power at the top called God or natural-selector Such a mistake has divided humanity into many races and religions that are at war with each other.
Keywords: Geological records, genomes, quantum, exponential-information, paleontology, synergetic, archaeology, history, anthropology.
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Effects of an Inclined Conducting Obstacle on Magneto hydrodynamic Mixed Convection in a Heated Wavy Cavity
Augustine Ayanga Mayaka, Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18593818 | Page 01 to 29
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of an inclined conducting obstacle on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) natural and forced convection within a heated wavy cavity. A uniform magnetic field is applied in the horizontal direction, and the flow is assumed to be steady, laminar, and incompressible. The rectangular cavity has thermally insulated upper and lower walls to minimize heat losses. The left vertical wall is mechanically driven at a constant velocity and maintained at a uniform temperature Ti(20˚C), while the right vertical wall is heated and held at a higher temperature Th=1000C. A porous square conducting obstacle of length 10 cm is centrally placed within the cavity and inclined at an angle (where 30˚≤ ω≥60˚) relative to the horizontal axis. The cavity is filled with an electrically conducting fluid (seawater), with the Prandtl number varying between 2.08 and 7.83 depending on the fluid temperature. The governing two-dimensional partial differential equations are solved numerically using a finite difference method based on the central difference scheme, subject to appropriate boundary conditions. The numerical results are presented graphically, and a parametric analysis is performed to examine the influence of the inclination angle and key flow parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions. The outcomes of this study provide useful insights for the design and optimization of MHD propulsion systems.
Keywords: Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD); Mixed Convection; Inclined Conducting Obstacle; Wavy Cavity; Heat Transfer
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Cultural and Artisanal Clustering as a Catalyst for Urban Tourism: The RICATs Initiative in Redefining Dakar’s Tourism Identity and Revitalization
Papa Elimane FAYE, Ph. D, Department of Organisation Management, Section Tourisme, Iba Der Thiam University, of Thies, Senegal.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18514945 | Page 01 to 20
Abstract
Dakar’s tourism sector remains largely dependent on coastal and seasonal tourism, limiting diversification and underutilizing the city’s cultural and artisanal assets. Fragmented governance, weak cross-sector coordination, and infrastructural constraints further hinder the development of a competitive urban tourism model. This study examines the RICATs (Rencontres Internationales de la Culture, de l’Artisanat et du Tourisme) initiative as a cluster-based approach integrating tourism, culture, and crafts within Dakar’s urban tourism ecosystem. Using a qualitative case study methodology, the research draws on 32 semi-structured interviews, participant observation conducted between 2020 and 2023, and analysis of policy and sectoral data. Findings indicate that the cluster approach enhances cross-sector collaboration, diversifies tourism experiences, and increases visitor engagement with cultural and artisanal products. However, governance fragmentation, infrastructural limitations, and uneven stakeholder participation remain significant barriers. The study argues that cultural density and intangible heritage can strengthen urban tourism competitiveness in Global South cities when supported by coherent institutional frameworks.
Keywords: Urban tourism development, Cultural and creative industries, Tourism clusters, Intangible cultural heritage, Artisanal economy, Destination governance, Dakar, Senegal.
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Leveraging Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Adolescent Rehabilitation in Nigeria: A Sociological Framework
Shajobi-Ibikunle, Gloria, Ph. D, Associate Professor of Criminal Law & Director, center for Security Studies, University of Abuja.
Godwin-Abdullahi, Doyinsola, MSc., Research Coordinator/Executive Director, Lady360Initiative.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18513725 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
The Nigerian adolescent rehabilitative landscape is characterized by systemic deficiencies. Its preoccupation with punitive measures and critical understaffing impedes the successful reintegration of young offenders. This study reviews how adolescent criminology and computational interventions intersect. Specifically, it examines the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimizing rehabilitative outcomes. Utilizing a doctrinal methodology, the research involves an analysis of existing legal frameworks, international best practices, and secondary literature to evaluate the viability of AI-driven automated supervision, diagnostic risk assessment, and remote education facilitation. The findings suggest that integrating AI can transform vocational training and behavioral correction. However, the study indicates a critical need for robust ethical governance to protect vulnerable groups from algorithmic bias. Consequently, the paper advocates for the formulation of rigorous regulatory frameworks designed to enhance institutional efficiency and mitigate recidivism rates. It concludes with strategic recommendations for the ethical deployment of these technologies to ensure a secure, rights-based rehabilitative environment.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Rehabilitation, Juvenile Justice, Adolescents
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Back Pain: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18492168 | Page 01 to 16
Abstract
Tai Chi and Qigong are safe, effective, non-pharmacological interventions for chronic low back pain (CLBP). This comprehensive review, synthesized with the assistance of artificial intelligence, integrates evidence from 16 studies (randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and qualitative investigations) published between 2011 and 2025. Across diverse populations, including older adults, Tai Chi (Yang, Chen, and other styles) and Qigong consistently produced moderate-to-large reductions in pain intensity (pooled effect sizes ranging from SMD –0.64 to –1.75 and WMD –1.09 to –1.27 on 0–10 scales) and disability (SMD up to –1.96), together with improvements in physical function, quality of life, balance, gait, and psychological variables such as pain catastrophizing. Interventions lasting 6–36 weeks (typically 40–60 min sessions, 2–5 times/week, ≥30 total sessions preferred) showed the strongest and most sustained benefits, with very low rates of adverse events. Mechanisms appear multifactorial, involving enhanced neuromuscular coordination, core stability, proprioception, anti-inflammatory effects, stress reduction, mindfulness, and, from the traditional Chinese medicine perspective, improved circulation and cultivation of Qi. Despite limitations such as study heterogeneity, small sample sizes in some trials, and variable methodological quality, the overall body of evidence supports the clinical integration of Tai Chi and Qigong, either alone or as adjuncts to conventional care, into multidisciplinary management of chronic low back pain. Standardized protocols, longer-term follow-up studies, and direct head-to-head comparisons with other active exercises are recommended to further optimize prescription parameters.
Keywords: Tai Chi, Qigong, chronic low back pain, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, pain reduction, neuromuscular function, mind-body exercise, Qi cultivation, disability improvement
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DETERMINANTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION DISCLOSURES OF LISTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT
Abel Oghenevwoke Ideh, Ph. D, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Justice O. Okei, Ph. D, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Agbarha Otor, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18491654 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
This study employed a quantitative approach to explore the determinants of environmental information disclosure of listed firms in Nigeria. The primary objective was to examine how various firm-specific attributes influence environmental information disclosure. The independent variables incorporated into the model were firm size, directors’’ independence, ownership structure, and profitability. Secondary data encompassing a ten-year period (2014-2023) was collected from listed service firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG). Descriptive statistics provided a foundational understanding of the data, while inferential statistical tools were employed to delve deeper into the relationships between variables. Random effect regression served as the primary hypothesis testing technique. The results revealed that firm size, directors’ independence and ownership structure have significant effect on environmental disclosure of listed firms in Nigeria. On the other hand, profitability exhibited negative insignificant effect on environmental information disclosure of listed firms in Nigeria. The study recommended that larger firms should prioritize robust environmental information disclosure practices. Strengthening directors’ independence through the appointment of qualified and environmentally conscious directors can further enhance transparency and accountability regarding environmental performance.
Keywords: Environmental Information Disclosure, Firm Size, Directors’ Independence, Ownership Structure, Profitability.
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ROBUST PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING CENSORED DATA IN CLINICAL TRIALS
Eric Boahen, Department of Statistics School of Mathematical Sciences University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ghana.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18477494 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
One of the difficult aspect in parameter estimation in survival analysis is the presence of censored values in survival data When patients survival time are measured in continuous time interval, the censored values continue to create discrepancies in estimations since the stochastics realization of censored values are masked. For this reason, appropriate distributions must be specified before maximum likelihood is used. An optimal approach that merges both censored values and uncensored values is appreciable since asymptotically distributions are not normal. Robust model and efficient algorithms developed to enhance optimal performance in estimation. Simulations show that the optimal robust model is maximized.
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