Authors: Abdel Nacer Amoukou Issaka, Amadou Bouba Traore Hassane, Ibrahim Alkassoum, Zeinabou Tondi Moussa, Djibrilla Baoua Bonkano, Djongolé Hassane Moussa, Roukaya Karimou Issaka, Nouroudine Mahamane Laouali
Abstract
Background: Scientific publication is the culmination of any health research project. However, many researchers, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, face difficulties in writing manuscripts, selecting journals and complying with international ethical and editorial requirements.
Objective: To provide an up-to-date didactic guide covering scientific writing, strategic journal selection, critical appraisal and the international recommendations governing medical research and its publication.
Summary: Writing relies on the IMRaD structure and on EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines (CONSORT 2025, SPIRIT 2025, STROBE, PRISMA 2020). Journal selection should consider scope, peer review, actual indexing and bibliometric indicators, without relying solely on the impact factor. Critical appraisal uses validated tools (RoB 2, ROBINS-I, AMSTAR 2, GRADE). Medical research is governed by a coherent international framework: the Declaration of Helsinki (2024), CIOMS guidelines (2016), ICH E6(R3) Good Clinical Practice (2025), WHO guidance on clinical trials (2024), research integrity codes and the ICMJE Recommendations updated in January 2026, which notably address the use of artificial intelligence.
Conclusion: Mastering these steps and frameworks increases the likelihood of publication in high-quality journals and strengthens the visibility of health research conducted in Niger and Africa.
Keywords: Scientific writing; Publishing; Medical journals; Impact factor; Critical appraisal; Research ethics; Good clinical practice; Africa.