Study the Characteristics of Venomous Animals of the Phylum Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, and Porifera, the Chemical Composition of Their Venoms, Biotechnology, and Therapies

Abstract: Many animals produce toxic substances, used mainly for defense or predation. These substances are called venoms. The venoms of these animals contain several components, including toxins, which are responsible for the lesions observed in victims of envenomation. Scientists are currently using these substances to develop new medicines and therapies. The objective of this paper is to study the characteristics of the Phyla Annelida, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, and Porifera, as well as the chemical composition of their venoms, biotechnological applications, and therapies.  To highlight emerging and future research studies, a documentary search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases. The total results obtained in the initial screening were counted, and the inclusion criteria were applied. Sixty articles were found in the database, of which only 41 passed the filter, having been published in the last 48 years and offering relevant information on the topic. Original articles, reviews, and case reports published in indexed national and international journals were selected.