Oil, Power, and Law: Energy Security as a Driver of U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East
Artyom Papyan, 3rd Year BA International Relations, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, AMU Poznan, Poland.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16694436 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
This article examines how energy security has functioned as a central driver of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East since the 1973 oil crisis. Using a tripartite framework that integrates realism, securitization theory, and international law, the study demonstrates that American policymakers have repeatedly framed energy access as an existential security imperative. This framing has legitimized interventions ranging from military operations to economic sanctions, often stretching or bypassing legal constraints. Through four pivotal cases: the 1990–1991 Gulf War, the 2003 Iraq invasion, the 2011 Libya intervention, and the long-standing sanctions regime on Iran the analysis reveals a consistent pattern: material energy interests establish strategic priorities, securitization transforms them into political mandates, and international law serves alternately as a tool of legitimation or an obstacle to be reinterpreted. While the shale revolution and renewable transitions have reduced U.S. vulnerability to supply shocks, the Middle East retains geopolitical centrality due to its impact on global oil prices and its role in U.S.-China strategic competition. This study highlights the enduring paradox of American power: energy security strengthens U.S. influence but simultaneously erodes the international legal order it claims to uphold.
Keywords: U.S. foreign policy; energy security; Middle East; oil diplomacy; international law; sanctions; securitization.
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ASSESSMENT OF CLOTHING AND TEXTILE SKILLS ACQUISITION AMONG FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
OLOWOOKERE PETER OLADIPO Ph. D, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ABEOKUTA.
FADOJU TITILAYO JOYCE. Ph. D, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, ABEOKUTA.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16719312 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
This study evaluates the state of training facilities, equipment functionality, and garment-construction skills among Clothing and Textiles undergraduates in Southwestern Nigeria, examining how these factors influence entrepreneurial inclination. Data were gathered from 386 students across public universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education using structured questionnaires, yielding a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.825, alongside direct observations. The demographic profile indicated that 57% of respondents were female, and 63. 7% were aged 21–25, with public universities representing 53. 4% of enrolment. Table analyses showed that while key facilities such as university libraries (74.6%) and textile design studios (73.6%) were widely available, critical practical laboratories like clothing construction (53.1%) and pattern drafting (43.3%) laboratories were significantly under-resourced. Equipment-related data indicates a high availability of stitching tools, with sewing machines accessible to 90. 9% of respondents, and over 60% of these machines reported as functioning well; however, pressing and fitting equipment exhibited lower adequacy and functionality ratings. Pearson chi-square tests confirmed statistically significant relationships (p = 0.000) between the availability, adequacy, and functionality of clothing and textile equipment and students’ inclination towards entrepreneurial skills. In terms of skill acquisition, students scored a grand score of 2. 59 (on a 4- point scale), demonstrating strong proficiency in foundational tasks such as taking body measurements (M = 2. 75) and pattern cutting (M = 2. 70), but lower mastery in advanced techniques including garment lining (M = 2. 45) and interfacing (M = 2. 42). Based on these findings, the study strongly recommends targeted investments to upgrade under-resourced laboratories and modernize essential equipment, coupled with curricular enhancements that focus on advanced practical techniques. These measures are critical to improving skill mastery and fostering a robust entrepreneurial disposition among graduates in the competitive clothing and textile industry.
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The simple and innocent man of ancient times about the word “economy”, the renewal of simplicity in the age of globalization
Professor Dr. Naveed Shibli psa, Ph. D, Founding Professor Department of Psychology, RI PHAH International University.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16730763 | Page 01 to 04
Abstract
In modern society, the rapid spread of information has made educated people accustomed to using terms and words in the wrong sense, which is why there is a fear that the important term of human life, economy, may be deprived of its original meaning. Therefore, in this article, the author has arranged for the readers to use this most important term and the information related to it in a common sense manner, so that the respect of the users will increase and the readers will also feel happy.
Keywords: Economy, use of the term
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PERCEPTIONS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POS (POINT OF SALE) BUSINESS AS A CATALYST FOR YOUTH EMPOWERMENT IN ONDO CENTRAL NIGERIA
Temitope Mercy Kehinde (Ph. D), Department of Business Education, Adeyemi Federal University of Education, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16735530 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
This study investigated the perceptions of the effectiveness of point of sale (POS) business as a vehicle for youth empowerment in Ondo Central Senatorial District of Ondo State, Nigeria. The research was guided by three key questions and tested one null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Employing a descriptive survey research design. The population includes youths operating POS within Ondo Central Senatorial District. Due to the open or undefined nature of POS businesses and lack of official records, the exact number is not known or publicly available. A usable sample of 136 was obtained through purposive sampling. Data was gathered using a 20-item, four-point rating scale questionnaire, which was validated by two academic experts and demonstrated strong internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.86. The analysis, conducted using mean scores and standard deviation for the research questions and an independent t-test for the hypothesis, revealed that POS business is perceived by many youths as an effective tool for empowerment in the specified district. A key finding was the absence of a statistically significant difference between the perceptions of male and female operators regarding the effectiveness of POS businesses for youth empowerment. The study concludes that POS business serves as a vital tool for the economic and social empowerment of young people in the digital age within Ondo central. Consequently, it is recommended that the National Youth Policy be updated to officially recognize and financially support POS businesses as a component of national youth empowerment strategies.
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Comparative costs and benefits of strands of post-harvest operations along the rice value chain in Kilombero and Mbarali districts, Tanzania
Meda Theodory, Department of Economics and Statistics, Moshi Co-operative University, P.O. Box 474, Moshi, Tanzania.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16736805 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
The study examines the costs and benefits of various post-harvest technical operations in rice farming in Kilombero and Mbarali districts, Tanzania. Data gathered through farmer interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, benefit-cost ratio, and partial budget analysis indicates that post-harvest operations significantly impact rice grain handling. The highest benefit-cost ratio (5.44) was associated with the sickle harvesting plus threshing machine strand, followed by the combine harvester operation (5.29). Conversely, the sickle harvesting plus bambam threshing plus wind winnowing strand resulted in a loss. The partial budget analysis revealed that sickle harvesting plus threshing machine operation yielded the highest profit per hectare, followed by the combine harvester. The study recommends sickle harvesting plus threshing machine for small farms and combine harvester for larger ones. Overall, it underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate post-harvest operation strand for maximizing profits in rice farming.
Keywords: Benefits, costs, cost-benefit ratio, operations, partial budget, post-harvest, strands technical.
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ACHIEVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL FOR EDUCATION THROUGH CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
Olalekan Olumide Fatiloro, Ph. D, Department of Administration and Leadership, Faculty of Education, Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso. Oyo State, Nigeria.
Oladele Olubukola Olabode, Ph. D, Department of Administration and Leadership, Faculty of Education, Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso. Oyo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16751441 | Page 01 to 15
Abstract
Higher educational institutions bear a significant responsibility for fostering societal well-being and overcoming obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic progress. As enlightened segments of society, universities serve as exemplars that the public relies upon for guidance. Consequently, the academic community’s role is indispensable for the successful implementation of any policy aimed at a sustainably developed society. To effectively address conflict within the university system, it is crucial to institute a constructive communication process that considers the personalities of negotiators and is guided by the appropriate leadership style of university administrators. Communication in conflict management must be both timely and sincere, and university authorities should adopt democratic and dialogical approaches to institutional governance. Furthermore, universities should integrate conflict management and resolution into their curricula. It is equally vital that both university and national leaders adopt non-violent, strategic approaches to resolving contentious issues.
Keywords: Higher Education, Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4), Conflict Resolution, University Administration, Nigerian Universities, Educational Sustainability
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ACCOUNT-BASED MARKETING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Monye, Michael, Department of Marketing, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
EDEREWHEVBE IGHOTEGUNOR GODFREY, Department of Marketing, Southern Delta University, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16786172 | Page 01 to 29
Abstract
This study examines the impact of Account-Based Marketing (ABM) on organizational performance in the Nigerian manufacturing industry, with a specific focus on firms operating in Delta State. The study aimed to assess the level of ABM adoption, analyze its relationships and its influences on customer retention, sales growth, revenue generation, and operational efficiency. A survey research design was employed, utilizing a stratified random sampling technique to select 100 manufacturing firms in Delta State. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to marketing managers, sales executives, and business owners. The key variables measured included ABM adoption, customer retention, sales growth, revenue generation, and operational efficiency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and ANOVA. Findings revealed that 45% of firms had fully adopted ABM strategies, with a strong positive correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.05) between ABM adoption and customer retention. Firms leveraging ABM reported 30% higher sales growth compared to non-adopters, while 80% of respondents agreed that ABM improved sales and marketing alignment. Additionally, regression analysis indicated that ABM explained 55% of the variation in customer retention (R² = 0.55, p < 0.05).Based on these findings, the study recommends that manufacturing industry in Delta State invest in affordable CRM and automation tools, develop sector-specific ABM strategies, collaborate with trade associations for data sharing, implement structured training programs, and integrate ABM with digital payment solutions to improve performance measurement and operational efficiency. These measures can enhance marketing effectiveness and drive business growth.
Keywords: Account-Based Marketing, Manufacturing Sector, Customer Retention Sales growth, Operational Efficiency
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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROFITABILITY OF ONION (allium cepa) MARKETING IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.
Okonkwo-Emegha, K., Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria.
Adejoh Sunday, Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria.
Sarah Enwa, Department of Agricultural Economics, Delta State Uinversity, Abraka.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16869592 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
The study analyzed the factors influencing the profitability of onion marketing in Anambra State, Nigeria. This study employed a survey research design, using a structured questionnaire to collect primary data from 100 onion marketers in Awka South Local Government Anambra State, Nigeria. The sample was selected through multistage sampling techniques. Multiple regression analysis and 4-point likert scale were used to analyze the factors affecting onion marketing and constraints faced by the marketers. The findings revealed that age (coefficient = 0.125, p = 0.020), level of education (coefficient = 0.190, p = 0.000), and marketing experience (coefficient = 0.145, p = 0.001) positively affect onion marketing profits. Conversely, transportation costs (coefficient = -0.140, p = 0.002) and security challenges (coefficient = -0.095, p = 0.071) negatively impact profitability. The study identified key constraints, including high transportation costs (84%), lack of credit facilities (47%), and inadequate storage facilities. The research provided a comprehensive overview of the onion marketing sector, offering valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and local stakeholders involved in the agricultural sector.
Keywords: Determinants, Onion, Marketing
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ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES COMMISION (EFCC) AND THE FIGHHT AGAINST CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA. AN OVERVIEW (2012-2022).
Ndifreke Umoudo Ph. D, Department of Political Science, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State Department of Public Administration, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State.
Ebong, Itoro Bassey Ph. D, Umoren Mfon Sunday.
Umoren Mfon Sunday, Department of Public Administration, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom. State.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16888646 | Page 01 to 37
Abstract
Nigeria, despite its vast natural and human resource endowments, continues to struggle with persistent poverty, institutional decay, and underdevelopment—challenges largely attributed to widespread corruption. Over 71 million Nigerians live in extreme poverty, while food insecurity and poor human development indices remain prevalent. This study critically appraises the role and effectiveness of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in combating corruption in Nigeria between 2012 and 2022. Drawing upon the Institutional Theory by Douglas North, which emphasizes the influence of formal and informal institutional frameworks on societal behavior, the study analyzes how institutional weaknesses and governance failures impact anti-corruption efforts. A descriptive research design was adopted, utilizing both primary data from in-depth interviews with six notable Nigerians and secondary data from academic and official sources. Findings reveal that although the EFCC recorded notable achievements, such as increased conviction rates from 103 in 2015 to 3,785 in 2022 and some asset recovery successes, corruption remains systemic and deeply embedded in Nigeria’s public sector. Institutional bottlenecks such as constitutional immunity for political officeholders, judicial inconsistencies, executive interference, and operational inefficiencies significantly limit the EFCC’s autonomy and effectiveness. Key anti-corruption strategies such as the whistle-blowing policy, asset declaration regime, forensic accounting, and the implementation of the Bank Verification Number (BVN) while theoretically promising, are undermined by poor implementation, low public trust, weak legal protections, and capacity constraints. Interviewees highlighted perceptions of selective prosecution and political bias, further eroding confidence in the Commission’s neutrality and impact. The study concludes that while the EFCC has made measurable progress in Nigeria’s anti-corruption fight, meaningful eradication remains elusive without comprehensive institutional reforms. Recommendations include amending constitutional immunity provisions, granting the EFCC full operational and financial autonomy, strengthening whistle-blower protections and asset verification mechanisms, and establishing a dedicated forensic accounting directorate. These measures, grounded in the Institutional Theory framework, are essential for fostering transparency, strengthening governance structures, and achieving sustainable anti-corruption outcomes in Nigeria.
Keywords: Corruption, Anti-Corruption, EFCC, Good Governance, Public Institutions, Whistle-Blower Policy, Asset Recovery, Forensic Accounting, Political Interference, Transparency, Public Trust.
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Client’s Perspectives and Tangible Experience of Service Quality Development in Selected Hotels of Arusha, Tanzania
Emmanuel Mwacha, Department of Management Studies, Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
George Julius Babune, Department of Management Studies, Tanzania Institute of Accountancy, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
MSI Journal of Economics and Business Management (MSIJEBM) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/16960670 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
The article examines the influence of quality of service on clients’ satisfaction in the study area. It was designed as a one-point-in-time process design using the numerical approach. It involved a survey of customers of hotels numbering 57 using a questionnaire and documentary review. The simple probability sampling technique was employed to get the sample size. This article used descriptive statistical methods and correlation as data analysis methods using the computer software for data processing and analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to generate results of service quality. SERVQUAL theory was employed to establish the quality of service standard using perceived and actual experiences of services delivered. The results indicated a negative quality of service gap between customer targets of services and the actual reality of responsiveness, assurance, and tangibility, more than empathy and reliability. It had the implication that the hotel’s management had to put more effort into enhancing the parameters that are relevant to the elements that make it. Again, the article indicated the positive association among the five quality factors and the client’s level of satisfaction. Furthermore, customers found only tangibility to be the very fundamental quality of service indicator in the study area. Hence, the study area’s hotel administrations should focus on those characteristics that concern tangibility because of the fact that they were the focus of clients.
Keywords: SERVQUAL, quality of service, client, and satisfaction
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