Identification and Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Ikpa River, Southern Nigeria
G.W. Archibong, Department of Environmental Standards, (CE-sPESS), Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
E. U. Ezeji, Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
J. I. Nwachukwu, Department of Environmental Management, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18440103 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
This study aims to identify and characterize the types and concentrations of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) present in the Ikpa River, Southern Nigeria. In this study, the accessible population comprised two hundred and eighty (280) respondents and samples in the locality. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula and calculated as 147 respondents. The samples were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) to identify and quantify selected Bisphenols (A, S, F, P, Z) and Nonylphenols. Physicochemical parameters were measured to assess general water quality, while a community-based questionnaire captured public awareness and potential exposure pathways. Results indicated that water quality parameters, such as pH (6.8–6.9), dissolved oxygen (8.5 mg/L), and total dissolved solids (24–28 mg/L), were within the limits set by the WHO and NESREA. However, trace concentrations of bisphenols and nonylphenols (0.20–2.20 ppb) were detected across all sampling sites. Primary data were analysed using Statistical Package on Social Science (SPSS Version 25), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Correlation methods. The result of the research hypotheses showed the type and concentration of EDCs in the Ikpa River. The study recommends that eco-friendly alternative products be used in place of EDC-containing products. This prevents harmful compounds from entering the environment, thereby reducing water contamination and the need for costly water treatment or remediation measures in the future.
Keywords: Ecological Risk Assessment, Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), Environmental Pollution, Ikpa River, Water Quality.
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Barriers to Effective Collaboration Among Healthcare Professionals in Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja - Kogi State
Samuel Soji AKINWALE, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State – Nigeria.
Julius Olugbenga OWOYEMI, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State – Nigeria.
Edime Yunusa, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State – Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18440056 | Page 01 to 58
Abstract
To achieve the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), there is need for all healthcare professionals to collaborate within and across specialties and disciplines. Despite the global evidences supporting interprofessional collaboration, there continues to be issues in understanding its manifestations and influence on healthcare delivery in resource-limited environments like Nigeria. Therefore, identified the barriers to effective collaboration among healthcare professionals in Kogi State Specialist Hospital (KSSH), Lokoja, Nigeria and assessed the role of technology in overccoming the barriers to effective collaboration among healthcare professionals in Kogi State Specialist Hospital Lokoja. Anchored on Conflict Theory, the study adopted descriptive survey research design using a structured questionnaire administered to a census sample of 249 healthcare in the study area and the data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the formulated hypotheses were tested using both simple and Multiple Linear Regression. Technology was found to be a strong predictor of collaboration, with regression results showing that digital tools significantly enhanced teamwork (B = 0.823, β = 0.681, t = 11.27, p < 0.001). However, professional rivalry, communication breakdowns and role ambiguity were barriers identified as significant impediments. The study concluded that technology plays a critical role in overcoming barriers to effective interprofessional collaboration among healthcare professionals in achieving efficient, patient-centered, and sustainable healthcare delivery in Nigeria and recommended the need for institutionalisation of inclusive collaboration frameworks that transcend professional boundaries, continuous interprofessional training that encourages role appreciation, investment in digital health infrastructure and a deliberate strategy to address professional rivalry and role ambiguity among healthcare professionals.
Keywords: Health, Healthcare System, Healthcare Professionals, Effective Collaboration, Barriers, Healthcare Delivery, Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja.
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IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZEN BEHAVIOUR IN DODLICK NIG. LIMITED ONITSHA, NIGERIA
EZE EVARISTUS, JONATHAN, DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION HEZEKIAH UNIVERSITY UMUDI. IMO STATE. NIGERIA.
ONYEMERE FINEBOY, EZENWOKO, NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18439592 | Page 01 to 33
Abstract
This study centered on impact of human resources management practices on job satisfaction and employee citizenship behavior. A human resources practice includes all activities deployed by organization to increase the participation of personnel of the organization in organization’s affaires. The study was a survey design involving the collection of data primarily through a structured questionnaire administered on 300 members of staff of Dodlick Investment Company limited based in Onitsha, Nigeria. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics of percentages while hypotheses were tested using inferential statistics of regress analysis. The finding from the study showed that Human resources Management Practices has significant impact on employee job satisfaction .Human resources management practices has significant impact on employee display of organizational citizenship behavior in Dodick Nig. Limited. Employee who has job satisfaction also display organizational citizenship behaviour at workplace .It was recommended from this finding that There is need to review HR practices and upgrade to the level that will Forster organizational citizenship behavior beneficial to the company. The same goes for job satisfaction. There is every need to include organizational citizenship bahaviour assessment in annual performance appraisal(APA) forms as a way of monitoring, encouraging and rewarding employees who display such over a period of time. There is need for managers to include in their training program the teaching of organizational citizenship behaviours and elements of job satisfaction as a way of building these behaviours in their employees.
Keywords: Human resources practices, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Job Satisfaction, organization, Investment Company.
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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Yam and Sweet Potatoes in Wukari
Augustina Achimugu, Faculty of physical sciences, Department of pure and Applied physics, Federal university of Wukari.
Alfred Rimamsiwe, Faculty of physical sciences, Department of pure and Applied physics, Federal university of Wukari.
Moshud kasimu Musa, Faculty of physical sciences, Department of pure and Applied physics, Federal university of Wukari.
Aboche F. Edwin, Faculty of physical sciences, Department of pure and Applied physics, Federal university of Wukari.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18416924 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
The health risk assessment of heavy metals in some selected tuber crops (yam and sweet potatoes) was carried out in Wukari. Yam and Sweet potatoes tubers in Wukari and have been serving as stable food and so were also major sources of income. This study was aimed at assessing the concentration of some heavy metals ( Pb, Cd,Cr,Cu, Zn and Ni) in some randomly selected selected tubers ( yam and sweet potatoes) as well as the health risk in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State. The samples were collected from 6 different randomly selected site in Wukari namely; (Mechanic village (A), Sukundi road area (B), Jalingo road area (C), Ibi road area (D) Kente Road area (E) and Rafin kada road area ( F)). The samples were washed, peeled, dried, pulverized and analyzed for heavy metal content using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results for the soil samples revealed that the mean values of Pb (108.9 mg/kg), Cd (2.21 mg/kg), Zn (112.8 mg/kg) and Ni (46.12 mg/kg) were above the WHO permissible limit of (85, 0.8, 50 and 35) mg/kg respectively while Cr (0.28 mg/kg) and Cu (12.21 mg/kg) were below the WHO permissible limit of 100 mg/kg and 36.00 mg/kg respectively. Similarly, the heavy metals in the tuber crops also have Pb (7.4- 57.5 mg/kg), Cd (0.2 – 1.9 mg/kg), Zn ( 20.0 – 40.0 mg/kg) and Ni (0 – 50) above the WHO permissible limit of (2, 0.02, 0.6 and 10 mg/kg respectively), while Cr (0.1-0.4 mg/kg) was below the permissible limit of ( 1.3 mg/kg) and Cu (0-10 mg/kg) was within the permissible limit of 10 mg/kg for yam and sweet potatoes. The risk assessment analysis revealed that Pb and Cr had the highest and lowest HQ values; 49.30 and 0.11 for yam tubers, 39.25 and 0.13 for sweet potatoes. The highest cancer risk was obtained in Cd (5.1×10-2) and lowest in Cr (1.7 ×10-4). The results of this study are expected to gain public aware ness that consuming locally produced tuber crops from sites contaminated with heavy metals can lead to heavy metal toxicity, leading to liver damage, neural, and respiratory disorders, among others.
Keywords: heavy metals, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Sweet Potato, Yam.
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Health Effects of Heavy Metals in Edible Tubers (Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Yam): A Review of Implications for Food Safety and Public Health
Bilyaminu, Habibu, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria.
Chukwuma, Stephen Ezeonu, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18411119 | Page 01 to 09
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and yam (Dioscorea spp.) are critical staple foods for millions of people, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Their cultivation in marginal and often contaminated soils increases the risk of heavy metal accumulation in edible tissues. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are persistent environmental contaminants that can enter the human food chain through tuber crops and pose significant health risks upon chronic exposure. This review critically evaluates current evidence on the sources, uptake mechanisms, and concentration levels of heavy metals in cassava, sweet potato, and yam, as well as their associated health effects. Reported concentrations are compared with international food safety limits, and human health risk assessment outcomes are synthesized. The review highlights substantial exceedances of FAO/WHO guideline values in contaminated regions and underscores the need for strengthened monitoring, soil management, and policy interventions to safeguard public health.
Keywords: heavy metals, cassava, sweet potato, yam, food safety, health risk assessment, FAO/WHO limits.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Anxiety and Depression: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18369238 | Page 01 to 34
Abstract
Background: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent, particularly among older adults, cancer patients, and individuals with chronic diseases. Tai Chi and Qigong, traditional Chinese mind-body practices, have been increasingly studied as non-pharmacological interventions.
Objective: To synthesize current evidence from systematic reviews and randomized trials on the efficacy of Tai Chi and Qigong for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms.
Methods: Thirty-six high-quality studies and meta-analyses published primarily between 2019 and 2025 were reviewed with the assistance of artificial intelligence (Grok) to extract effect sizes, optimal protocols, mechanisms, and clinical recommendations.
Results: Tai Chi and Qigong consistently produced moderate-to-large reductions in depressive symptoms (standardized mean differences [SMD] –0.56 to –1.23) and anxiety symptoms (SMD –0.45 to –2.13). Benefits were observed across older adults, cancer survivors, patients with cardiovascular disease, COPD, stroke, diabetes, substance use disorders, and perinatal populations. Optimal dosing appears to be 40–60 minutes, 3–4 times weekly, for ≥12 weeks. Proposed mechanisms include reduced inflammation, enhanced brain connectivity, improved serotonin metabolism, and increased parasympathetic activity.
Conclusion: Tai Chi and Qigong are safe, effective, evidence-based adjunctive therapies for anxiety and depression. They should be routinely integrated into psychiatric, geriatric, oncological, and primary-care settings as complementary or alternative interventions, especially when conventional treatments are poorly tolerated or insufficient.
Keywords: Tai Chi, Qigong, depression, anxiety, mind-body intervention, meta-analysis, older adults, cancer, chronic illness, mental health.
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EFFECT OF GAS FLARING POLICIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Bunu Zahra Fatima Ibrahim, Centre for Sustainable Development University of Abuja.
Sule Magaji, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18323388 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
Environmental sustainability represents a multidimensional construct encompassing the conservation, protection, and responsible management of natural resources and ecosystems. Rooted in ecological preservation, biodiversity conservation, environmental degradation and pollution mitigation, sustainability is shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Yet, despite their significant contributions, environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has become a subject of concern as most of the communities are faced with high uncertainty and business failure rates. Therefore, this study examined the impact of gas flaring policy on environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This study was conducted with the aid of an integrated theoretical framework derived from environmental justice and ecological modernisation theories, among others and survey research method for data collection. The study found that technology adoption and community participation statistically significant impact on environmental sustainability in Niger Delta region of Nigeria at 5% level of significance. While regulatory enforcement has a positive but insignificant impact on environmental sustainability in Niger Delta region of Nigeria at 5% level of significant. The study concluded that gas flaring policy influences environmental sustainability in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study thus recommended among others that reviews and strengthen existing environmental regulations to address all potential environmental impacts of gas flaring comprehensively. This may require updating legislation, closing loopholes and incorporating stricter environmental standards.
Keywords: Regulatory Enforcement, Technology Adoption, Community Participation, Environmental sustainability.
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EFFECT OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT POLICIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NIGER REGION OF NIGERIA
Bunu Zahra Fatima Ibrahim, Centre for Sustainable Development University of Abuja.
Sule Magaji, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
Ibrahim Musa, Department of Economics University of Abuja.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18322878 | Page 01 to 25
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of community engagement policies on environmental sustainability of Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The specific objectives were to assess the influence of community participation, transparency and accountability and inclusive representation on environmental sustainability in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A sample size of 389 respondents comprising of regulatory agencies host community and environmental specialist. from a population of 13,708 using Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula for sample size determination. Simple random sampling was employed to select respondents. Data were collected through primary sources using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyzed the data and test the hypotheses. The results reveal that community participation has a significant but negative effect on environmental sustainability, transparency and accountability has a positive but insignificant effect, while inclusive presentation demonstrates a positive and significant effect on environmental sustainability of Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
The study concludes that environmental sustainability strategies significantly shape Niger delta environment, with inclusive representation emerging as the most influential factor. It recommends that Regulatory Agencies and Government Bodies need to Re-design community participation strategies, Revamp community participation approaches to align with host community needs, ensuring meaningful engagement and positive contributions to environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Community Participation, Transparency and Accountability, Inclusive Representation, Environmental Sustainability.
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PLANT DISEASES ON HUMAN CIVILIZATION: A RECAP OF THE PAST, PRESENT AND THE FUTURE
Kutama, A. S., Department of Plant Biology, Federal University Dutse.
Zafar, S., Department of biological science, North West university, Kano, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18426068 | Page 01 to 17
Abstract
Plant diseases pose significant threats to agricultural production and can have profound socio-economic consequences for countries worldwide. This paper aims to explore the impact of plant diseases on the socio-economic status of a country by examining the existing literature and synthesizing key findings. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published within the last 15 years. Studies focusing on the socio-economic impact of plant diseases at the country level were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The review revealed that plant diseases have far-reaching effects on various aspects of a country’s socio-economic status. Agricultural productivity is significantly affected, leading to reduced crop yields, decreased income for farmers, and increased food prices. Plant diseases also disrupt international trade, affecting export earnings and import dependencies. Moreover, the socio-economic impacts extend beyond the agricultural sector, influencing employment rates, rural livelihoods, poverty levels, and overall economic growth. The findings highlight the substantial socio-economic implications of plant diseases on a country’s development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems, coupled with the increasing prevalence and severity of plant diseases, underscores the urgent need for effective disease management strategies. To address the socio-economic challenges posed by plant diseases, this review essay recommends implementing integrated pest management strategies, promoting farmer education and capacity building, and enhancing international collaborations and partnerships. Additionally, policymakers should prioritize investments in plant health infrastructure, surveillance systems, and research and development to foster resilient agricultural systems and safeguard the socio-economic well-being of countries.
Keywords: Plant diseases, Socio-Economic Impacts, human civilization, review
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Impact of Forests Degradation on Rural Household Livelihoods in Central Zone of Taraba State, Nigeria
Babanyaya, B.M., Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Federal University Wukari, Nigeria.
Oruonye, E.D., Department of Geography. Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria.
Ahmed, Y.M., Department of Geography. Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18296540 | Page 01 to 28
Abstract
Forest degradation poses a critical threat to the livelihoods of rural communities in tropical regions, yet empirical evidence linking environmental decline to household-level outcomes remains limited, particularly in understudied ecological zones. This study assesses the impact of forest degradation on rural household livelihoods in the Central Zone of Taraba State, Nigeria, employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design. Quantitative data from 391 household surveys were integrated with spatial analysis of Landsat imagery (1993–2023) to evaluate land cover change and its socio-economic correlates. Findings reveal that forest degradation driven primarily by agricultural expansion, fuelwood extraction, and weak regulatory enforcement has significantly diminished livelihood security. Key impacts include reduced access to fuelwood and medicinal plants, decreased agricultural productivity, and heightened vulnerability to climate variability. Regression analysis further indicates that forest degradation negatively predicts household livelihood outcomes (β = –0.408, p < 0.001), with female-headed and larger households experiencing heightened vulnerability. Conversely, higher education levels and older household heads correlate with improved resilience. The study underscores the urgent need for integrated policy interventions that promote sustainable forest management, enhance alternative livelihood options, and strengthen local governance. These findings contribute to the growing discourse on socio-ecological resilience and provide evidence-based insights for sustainable rural development in Nigeria’s forest-dependent communities.
Keywords: Forest Degradation, Livelihood, Rural households
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Mathematical Modeling of Extreme Rainfall and Flood Risk under Climate Change
Omariba Geofrey Ong’era, Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya.
Abraham Osogo Nyakebogo, Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18329244 | Page 01 to 27
Abstract
Extreme rainfall events have intensified in both frequency and magnitude as a consequence of climate change, resulting in escalating flood risk and substantial socio-economic losses worldwide. Reliable prediction and quantitative assessment of flood hazards are therefore essential for effective disaster preparedness, mitigation, and climate-resilient planning. This study develops a comprehensive mathematical modeling framework for analyzing extreme rainfall and flood dynamics under changing climatic conditions. Rainfall intensity is incorporated as a climate-driven forcing parameter and coupled with hydrodynamic flood propagation equations to describe surface runoff and inundation processes. The governing equations, based on conservation of mass and momentum, are solved numerically using finite difference techniques, with all simulations implemented in MATLAB. A non-dimensional formulation highlights the dominant controlling parameters, including the rainfall forcing parameter Froude number (Fr), and friction parameter which collectively govern flow acceleration, flood depth, and energy dissipation. Numerical results demonstrate that increases in and (Fr) significantly amplify flood depth, flow velocity, and inundation extent, while higher enhances resistance and water accumulation, underscoring the nonlinear sensitivity of flood risk to climatic and hydraulic controls. The proposed framework provides a robust theoretical and computational tool for flood risk assessment, supporting early warning systems, urban drainage design, and climate adaptation strategies.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Cardiovascular Disease: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18296174 | Page 01 to 22
Abstract
Objective: To systematically summarize and synthesize the evidence from 20 key studies examining the therapeutic effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its major risk factors, using artificial intelligence (Grok) as an assistive tool for literature analysis, while maintaining methodological consistency with prior reviews on other conditions.
Methods: Twenty representative studies (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials) published between 2007 and 2025 were retrieved from PubMed. Each study was analyzed and summarized by the artificial intelligence model Grok with respect to study design, participant characteristics, intervention protocols, primary and secondary outcomes (with effect sizes when available), proposed physiological and psychological mechanisms, strengths, limitations, and clinical recommendations.
Results: The aggregated evidence demonstrates that Tai Chi and Qigong, practiced regularly (typically 2–5 sessions/week for 8 weeks to 1 year), consistently produce clinically meaningful improvements across multiple CVD-relevant domains. Notable effects include reductions in systolic blood pressure (up to −12.47 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (up to −6.46 mmHg), total cholesterol, anxiety (SMD up to −2.13), and depression (SMD up to −0.86); increases in exercise capacity (6-minute walk test SMD up to 1.30; aerobic endurance SMD up to 1.12), quality of life (Hedges’ g up to 0.96), and left ventricular ejection fraction; and long-term lowering of cardiovascular event rates in high-risk populations. Interventions were remarkably safe, with minimal adverse events reported across thousands of participants. Proposed mechanisms encompass improved endothelial function, autonomic nervous system balance, reduced systemic inflammation, enhanced cardiopulmonary efficiency, and stress-hormone modulation.
Conclusions: Tai Chi and Qigong are safe, low-cost, and effective mind-body interventions that can serve as valuable adjuncts to standard cardiovascular care and cardiac rehabilitation programs. They offer particular benefit for patients who are elderly, deconditioned, or intolerant of conventional aerobic exercise. Despite consistent positive signals, current evidence is limited by small sample sizes, study heterogeneity, and relatively short follow-up periods. Large-scale, long-term, multicenter randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols and hard clinical endpoints are still needed to definitively establish their role in contemporary CVD management.
Keywords: Tai Chi, Qigong, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cardiac rehabilitation, blood pressure, quality of life, mind-body intervention, meta-analysis, traditional Chinese medicine
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Edwards Curve and BIG MAC Attack
Aubain Jose MAYEUKEU, Departement Of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O.box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
Emmanuel FOUOTSA, Departement of Mathematics, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, P.O.Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
Celestin LELE, Center for Cybersecurity and Mathematical Cryptology, The University of Bamenda., P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18296047 | Page 01 to 18
Abstract
In 2001, Walter introduced the BIG MAC attack on RSA systems. This hori- zontal collision attack exploits the detection of common operands between two multiplications. It is highly effective, as a single power consumption trace is suffi- cient to recover all the bits of the secret exponent. Initially, the BIG MAC attack was not applicable to cryptosystems based on elliptic curves. It was only in 2013 that Bauer et al. enhanced the attack and proposed a version adapted to ellip- tic curves. This new approach specifically targets the atomicity countermeasure and relies on identifying common operands between two multiplications within the addition and doubling algorithms for elliptic curve points. In 2016, Danger et al. further refined the attack by significantly improving its efficiency: instead of comparing only two multiplications, their method compares sixteen, thereby achieving much better results. In this work, we first analyze the atomicity coun- termeasure applied to Edwards curves, Twisted Edwards curves, and Edwards curves defined over binary fields. Then, we study the BIG MAC attack on these curves, focusing on its effectiveness against atomicity-based countermeasures.
Keywords: Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Big Mac Attack, Side Channel Atomicity, Edwards curves.
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ATTITUDINAL DISPOSITIONS OF PASTORAL LEADERSHIP TO CHURCH MEMBERS’ INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS
Sunday Adeyemo ADEPOJU, Ph. D, Pastor, Grace Community Baptist Church, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18264865 | Page 01 to 12
Abstract
Christian involvement in politics is a perennial issue. Over the years, scholars have had divergent views on whether or not Christians should be allowed to participate in partisan politics. Is politics bad in itself, as many suppose? Should Christians be actively engaged in it? Why do some Christians distance themselves from the political activities of the land? How can Christians’ involvement in politics foster development in nation-building? What should be the attitudinal dispositions of pastoral leadership to this crucial issue? This research aims at responding to the questions raised above. The paper adopts a descriptive method and reports the findings qualitatively. It examines the nexus between religion and politics, the biblical perspective on politics and Christians’ involvement, and pastors’ attitude towards members’ involvement in politics. The study reveals that politics is not bad, but the players’ attitude towards it needs a reorientation. It also discovers that misinterpretation of the concept of separation of Church and State leads to the nonchalant attitude of some Christians toward involvement in partisan politics. The findings also show that religion and politics are interconnected. Hence, the need for the involvement of Christians. To foster national development, pastoral leaders should enlighten their congregants and members about the need to be actively involved in politics.
Keywords: Attitudinal Dispositions, Pastoral Leadership, Partisan Politics, Christians.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18204988 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
Objective: To systematically summarize and evaluate the clinical evidence for Tai Chi and Qigong as therapeutic interventions for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME).
Methods: Fourteen English-language publications (5 completed randomized controlled trials, 3 study protocols, 3 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 2 non-randomized interventions, and 1 case series) were identified via PubMed and individually summarized with the assistance of the artificial intelligence tool Grok (xAI). Study design, participant characteristics, intervention protocols, primary outcomes, biomarkers, proposed mechanisms, safety profile, limitations, and clinical implications were extracted and synthesized.
Results: Interventions lasting 4–16 weeks (most commonly Baduanjin Qigong, 24-style Tai Chi, PLWNT, and Wu Xing Ping Heng Gong) consistently demonstrated moderate-to-large reductions in fatigue severity (pooled SMD 0.85, 95% CI 0.64–1.07 compared with passive controls), improvements in sleep quality (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.10–0.57), depression (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.72), anxiety, health-related quality of life, and functional capacity. Beneficial biomarker changes included increased telomerase activity, elevated adiponectin, and enhanced resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode, frontoparietal, and sensorimotor networks. Effect sizes against active controls (e.g., CBT, education) were small and non-significant. Interventions were well tolerated with only minor, transient adverse events reported.
Conclusion: Current evidence, albeit predominantly from small-to-moderate-sized trials conducted in China and Hong Kong, indicates that Tai Chi and Qigong are safe, promising adjunctive therapies for CFS, producing clinically meaningful reductions in fatigue and associated symptoms together with favorable neurophysiological and biochemical changes. High-quality, multicenter RCTs with active controls, longer follow-up periods, and objective physiological outcomes are now warranted to confirm efficacy and establish optimal protocols.
Keywords: Chronic fatigue syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis, Tai Chi, Qigong, mind-body exercise, fatigue reduction, sleep quality, depression, functional connectivity, telomerase, systematic review.
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EFFECT OF TRAINING OUTSOURCING PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF SACCOS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA
Dr. Rael Mandago, Senior Lecturer, Koitaleel Samoei University College.
Audrey Akinyi Owino, Jomo Kenyatta university of Agricilture and Technology.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18151119 | Page 01 to 24
Abstract
Purpose: The study sought to establish the effect of training outsourcing practices on performance of Saccos in Uasin Gishu County.
Methodology: This study employed explanatory research design the target population of the study were all employees of the 20 SACCOS in Uasin Gishu County. The accessible population for this study was 227 employees working in the Savings and credit cooperative societies in Uasin Gishu County. The sample size were 145 employees. The study used purposive and simple random sampling to select respondents. The study collected both primary and secondary data using questionnaires, internet source, e-library, physical library and publication. Collected data was organised and edited to remove any inconsistencies, repetitions or errors that would have made analysis difficult. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics included percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation. Inferentially correlations and multiple regression analysis were applied to get the change in dependent variable caused by the effect of independent variables.
Results: The study results revealed that training outsourcing practices has a significant influence on performance of Saccos (β1=0.298, p<0.05).Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the Saccos always outsource human resource as this will greatly increase training policies and provision of training opportunities.
Keywords: Training outsourcing practices, performance, Saccos, Uasin Gishu County.
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The Role of Work Ethic in Mediating the Relationship Between Resilience and Employee Performance in the Operations Department of PT. Wanho Industries Indonesia in Batang Regency
Sri Suprapti, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Putri Eka Cahyani, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Sulistiyani, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Imam Gozali, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
Suparmi, School of Management, University of 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18137349 | Page 01 to 21
Abstract
In the era of globalization and increasingly fierce business competition, the manufacturing industry faces various challenges that require high levels of adaptability and resilience from its employees. Rapid technological change, supply chain disruptions, and skilled labor shortages are key challenges facing manufacturing companies in the modern era. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of resilience on employee performance and work ethic on employee performance. The population of this study was 466 employees of the Operations Department of PT. Wanho Industries Indonesia. The sampling method was proportional random sampling, with a sample size of 82 people. The analytical technique used was path analysis. The results showed that resilience had a positive but insignificant effect on employee performance. Work ethic had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Resilience was shown to have a positive and significant effect on work ethic. Intervening tests showed that resilience indirectly influences performance through work ethic, thus indicating that work ethic fully mediates the relationship. This finding reinforces the importance of work ethic as a bridging mechanism between resilience’s influence on performance.
Keywords: resilience, work ethic, employee performance, mediation.
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Using Tai Chi and Qigong to Treat COPD: An Application of Artificial Intelligence to Traditional Chinese Medicine
Robert W. McGee, Fayetteville State University.
MSI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (MSIJMR) | DOI https://zenodo.org/records/18114830 | Page 01 to 19
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide. Although pharmacotherapy and conventional pulmonary rehabilitation improve outcomes, adherence remains suboptimal. Tai Chi and Qigong, mind-body practices from Traditional Chinese Medicine, have gained attention as low-cost, accessible adjunctive therapies.
Objective: To synthesize evidence from 21 clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of Tai Chi and Qigong in COPD using artificial intelligence-assisted literature summarization.
Methods: PubMed was searched for randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Grok (xAI) was employed to generate structured summaries of study design, participants, interventions, outcomes, mechanisms, strengths, and limitations.
Results: Tai Chi and Qigong consistently improved exercise capacity (6MWD mean difference up to 40.83 m), lung function (FEV1 up to 0.11 L; FEV1% predicted up to 1.67%), health-related quality of life (SGRQ reductions up to −16.75 points), exacerbation rates (RR 0.59), and psychological symptoms (anxiety/depression SMD up to −0.86). Benefits were mediated by enhanced respiratory muscle efficiency, diaphragmatic breathing, reduced systemic inflammation, and stress reduction. Interventions were safe and well-tolerated.
Conclusion: Tai Chi and Qigong are effective, safe, and feasible adjunctive therapies for COPD management. Large-scale, multicenter trials with standardized protocols are warranted to confirm long-term outcomes and optimal dosing.
Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD, Tai Chi, Qigong, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Mind-Body Exercise, Exercise Capacity, 6-Minute Walk Distance, Quality of Life, Exacerbations, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Complementary Therapy, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, Artificial Intelligence.
All articles published by MSIP are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of any MSIP article, including figures and tables.
For articles published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, any part of the article may be reused for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that the original MSIP article is clearly cited.
