Investigate the Morphology, Biology, Ecology, and Composition of Venom and the Species Synanceia Verrucosa, Bloch, and Schneider, 1801 and Synanceia spp. (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Synanceiidae).

Abstract: Marine organisms possess a diverse range of unique substances, many with broad potential for applications in medicine, industry, and other sectors. The stonefish e morphology, biology, ecology, and composition of venom and biotechnology of the species Synanceia verrucosa, Bloch, and Schneider, 1801 and Synanceia spp. (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Synanceiidae) contains two distinct substances, a venom, and an ichthyocrinotoxin. In addition to the venom associated with the spines, stonefish also produce a toxic white substance in their skin ichthyocrinotoxin that appears to have multiple functions, from defense against predators to population control of epibiotic organisms. The objective of this paper is to investigate the morphology, biology, ecology, and venom of the species S. verrucosa, and Synanceia spp.  The collection of information will be performed through access to the full texts of the studies selected for review. Relevant information will be extracted, such as study objectives, methodology used, population studied, interventions performed, outcome measures, and authors’ conclusions. Data will be analyzed using a thematic approach, which consists of identifying and categorizing the main emerging themes in the reviewed literature. In other words, this approach involves identifying recurring patterns or topics within the texts.