- Bunza J.M.1*, Dallatu M.K.1, Bilbis L.S.2, Isiaka A.A.1, Umar A.1, Ngaski A.A.1, Kakako S.L.1, Jidda M.L.1, Yale B.M. Mohammed M.O.3 and Abubakar U3
- MSI Journal of Medicine and Medical Research (MSIJMMR)
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is distinguished from other diabetes by persistent hyperglycaemia with complications involving kidney, heart etc. Extract AMA (botanical name concealed on ethical request) has been used for traditional treatment in Sokoto, North West Nigeria.
Materials and method: Twenty-one (21) albino rats grouped into control, treated and untreated were induced diabetes mellitus using alloxan. 72 hours after diabetic induction, treated was administered 100mg/kgb.w AMA extract twice/day for 1 week. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, transaminases, liver and kidney histology were determined by routine methods.
Results: FBS was (5.53±0.23)mmol/l, (5.52±0.91)mmol/l and (13.02±1.23)mmol/l for control, treated and untreated group; untreated shows significant difference (P<0.05). Serum urea was (5.74±0.41)mmol/l, (7.36±0.48)mmol/l and (19.62±4.23)mmol/l for control, treated and untreated group; untreated shows significant difference with control (P<0.05). Serum creatinine was (0.65±0.05)mg/dl, (1.01±0.12)mg/dl (1.08±0.09)mg/dl for control, treated and untreated group; control group was notably lower (p<0.05). Total protein was (3.88±0.17)mg/dl, (3.79±0.74)mg/dl and (9.18±0.52)mg/dl for control, treatment and untreated group; there was remarkable variance between untreated and control (p<0.05). Serum albumin was (3.29±0.16)mg/dl, (0.8±0.09)mg/dl and (3.22±0.09)mg/dl for control, treated and untreated; treated was significantly lower than control (p<0.05). Total bilirubin for control, treated and untreated (1.12±0.33)mg/dl, (2.69±0.58)mg/dl and (0.62±0.09)mg/dl shows noticeble difference in controls, treated and untreated groups respectively, but the variation between the groups were similar (p>0.05). AST activity was (69.5±10.79)U/L, (71.7±8.97)U/L and (75.2±11.43)U/L (p>0.05). ALT activity was (16.3±3.15)U/L, (35.2±12.93)U/L and (16.0±2.89)U/L; for treated and untreated were significantly elevated than control (p<0.05). Histology of liver and kidney reveals hepato-toxicity and tubular necrosis in treated group.
Conclusion: Present study demonstrated hypoglycaemic effect of AMA extract, with possible side effect on kidney and liver.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, antidiabetics, biochemicals and histological
